刘湛恩与国民外交

刘湛恩是抗战期间为国牺牲的唯一的大学校长。他参与创建了中国太平洋国际学会、上海国际友谊社等多个民间国际组织,接待了包括孟禄、泰戈尔、范朋克、莫列德等在内的诸多外国友人,更多次出席国际会议,是1920—1930年代上海国际交流领域的弄潮儿、国民外交的重要推动者之一。抗战全面爆发后,刘湛恩坚持留守上海,一方面继续领导沪江大学,一方面不遗余力地开展抗战的国际宣传,坚决拒任伪“中华民国维新政府”教育部长之职。导致刘湛恩被敌伪暗杀的原因之一正是他在国民外交尤其是关于抗战的国际宣传方面的重要作为和重大影响。     

一种汽车落水应急救护系统的设计

设计了一种基于HT66F70A型单片机的汽车落水应急救护系统,系统由供电电路、汽车落水检测电路、HT66F70A单片机电路、逃生救护报警电路4部分构成.本系统利用液位变送器测取液体压力并将其转换成电压信号输出,电压信号经过HT66F70A内部的12位A/D转换器转换成数字信号,单片机根据数字信号来控制逃生救护报警电路.该系统能够在汽车落水时启动语音报警、点亮呼救灯、显示汽车在水中的下沉深度,开启呼吸通道为乘客提供呼吸环境,并打开车窗为乘客开辟逃生通道.通过仿真测试,表明本系统具有反应灵敏、测试精度高、体积小巧、价格低廉的优点,故本系统具有很好的推广应用价值.     

MONITORING IN TEAMS: USING LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS TO STUDY A THEORY OF THE FIRM

Alchian and Demsetz’s influential explanation of the classical business firm (The American Economic Review, 1972, 62, 777–795) argues that there is need for a concentrated residual claim in the hands of a central agent, to motivate the monitoring of workers. We model monitoring as a way to transform team production from a collective action dilemma with strong free riding incentives to a productivity‐enhancing opportunity with strong private marginal incentives to contribute effort. In an experiment, we have subjects experience team production without monitoring, team production with a central monitor, and team production with peer monitoring. Then subjects vote on whether to employ the central monitor, who gets to keep a fixed share of the team output, or to rely on peer monitoring, which entails a coordination or free riding problem. Our subjects usually prefer peer monitoring but they switch to the specialist when unable to successfully self‐monitor. We provide evidence for situations in which team members resist the appointing of a central monitor and succeed in overcoming coordination and free riding problems as well as for a situation in which an Alchian–Demsetz‐like firm grows in the laboratory.     

Accountability revisited: the arrival of client outcome evaluation

In the past few years, "accountability" for public mental health programs has become differentiated in the minds of not only program evaluators, but also program managers and funders, including state and local-level legislators. Increasingly, these officials are becoming concerned with more than just the numbers and targets of services delivered, and the cost involved, and are looking for evidence of positive outcome or impact on clients to justify program implementation and maintenance. This represents a significant move beyond the two accountability models that most recently seemed to be the focus of most formal accountability efforts--performance measurement and quality assurance. Pressures for implementing these two alternatives seem to have been reduced somewhat by the new federal Administration, but even prior to its advent there had been a rapid escalation in awareness of and concern for client outcome measurement among important audiences, including state and local mental health policy-makers and the U.S. Congress. This presents a major new opportunity and challenge for program evaluators at this new accountability focus continues to gather momentum.     

André Dabrowski's work on limit theorems and weak dependence

André Robert Dabrowski, Professor of Mathematics and Dean of the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Ottawa, died October 7, 2006, after a short battle with cancer. The author of the present paper, a long‐term friend and collaborator of André Dabrowski, gives a survey of André's work on weak dependence and limit theorems in probability theory. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 37: 307–326; 2009 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada     

The impact of physical activity on employment

Using cross-sectional data from 25 European countries this study estimates the probability of an individual being employed controlling for his/her participation and frequency of participation in physical activity. Accounting for endogeneity, the regional prevalence of physical activity calculated from the sample is used as an instrument for individual participation suggesting a causal effect of physical activity on employment, especially for males.     

新中国70年澳大利亚文学研究及展望

回顾新中国70年澳大利亚文学研究状况,有助于我们立足现实、展望未来。70年澳大利亚文学研究从无到有、从少到多、从粗到细、从综合到专研,呈现出一片欣欣向荣的景象。在图书出版方面,建国初期及改革开放后,国内翻译出版的澳大利亚文学作品数量尤多,质量上乘。黄源深的《澳大利亚文学史》(1997)和王腊宝的《澳大利亚文学批评》(2016)两部论著的出版,标志新中国澳大利亚文学研究取得了非凡的成就。中文学术期刊有关澳大利亚文学研究的论文数以百计,这些文章在土著、女性、儿童、华裔、殖民、生态等主题方面取得了突出的成就。未来的澳大利亚文学研究需在澳大利亚性、世界性和中澳文学互动等方面进一步加深和拓展以丰富世界文学内涵。     

DO BETTER PAID POLITICIANS PERFORM BETTER? DISENTANGLING INCENTIVES FROM SELECTION

The wage paid to politicians affects both the choice of citizens to run for office and the performance of those who are appointed. First, if skilled individuals shy away from politics because of higher opportunities in the private sector, an increase in politicians’ pay may change their mind. Second, if the re‐election prospects of incumbents depend on their in‐office deeds, a higher wage may foster performance. We use data on all Italian municipal governments from 1993 to 2001 and test these hypotheses in a quasi‐experimental setup. In Italy, the wage of mayors depends on population size and sharply rises at different thresholds. We apply a regression discontinuity design to the only threshold that uniquely identifies a wage increase: 5,000 inhabitants. Exploiting the existence of a two‐term limit, we further disentangle the composition from the incentive component of the effect of the wage on performance. Our results show that a higher wage attracts more‐educated candidates, and that better‐paid politicians size down the government machinery by improving efficiency. Importantly, most of this effect is driven by the selection of competent politicians, rather than by the incentive to be re‐elected.     

阳翰笙研究述评

七十年来的阳翰笙研究可分为四个阶段:30年代对<地泉>的批评;三四十年代对电影和戏剧的批评;60年代对戏剧和电影的批评;新时期阳翰笙研究的拓展.阳翰笙研究逐渐从零散走向整合,从单一走向多侧面,随着文学理论和研究方法的更新,研究视野的扩大,阳翰笙研究将会出现新的面貌.因此现在的阳翰笙研究还仅仅是开始,而非结束.     

女性平等就业权益法治保障回顾与展望

建国70年来,随着中国法治建设的进程不断加快,中国在保障妇女的工作权、促进性别平等方面的法律体系在不断地得到完善,保障女性平等就业权的立法、执法、司法的机制正在不断地建立健全,全社会维护妇女权益的法治意识不断增强。在中国特色社会主义进入新时代的新的历史起点上,女性平等就业权的法治保障还面临诸多挑战。需要进一步将男女平等原则贯彻到法律制定与实施全过程,满足新时代广大妇女群众对美好生活的追求。