高校体育教学改革——素质教育思路和实践探索

从高校实施素质教育的重要性和时代紧迫感出发,以“健康第一、人人参与”为指导思想,认为应该把素质教育渗透到普通高校体育课教学内容的选择和教学方法的创新中去,并对新的体育成绩评估体系进行理论探索,同时提出了相应的建议。     

Chance in Guttman scaling

In their recent paper (1977, Social Science Research, 6, 188–196), Kenny and Rubin offer an interpretation of “chance” in Guttman scaling. Their approach is based on the matrix of probabilities p_ij, giving the chance that the ith respondent passes the jth item. It is shown that their interpretation of chance in fact corresponds to a stochastic model of a perfect unidimensional scale. An alternative condition for chance based on the matrix of p_ij's is proposed. This is then proved to be equivalent to the usual interpretation.     

中国先秦哲学党性质疑

中西方哲学原本有着不同的反思基础：欧洲是以探索知识和主客体关系为基础的求知哲学，中国早期则是以关怀道德修养和国家治理为基础的伦理哲学．故不宜把思路方向和内容各不相同的哲学用同一标准划分党派。先秦哲学，特别是孔子和老子的思想特征表明，这种哲学侧重的是人生、社会及以社会伦理为着眼点面对事物运动规律的研究。我们习惯于以唯物、唯心为判断定势，将先秦哲学家划线的做法是不适宜的。     

论“J·阿尔弗瑞德·普鲁弗洛克的情歌”的语言艺术

"J.阿尔弗瑞德.普鲁弗洛克的情歌"是T.S.艾略特语言艺术精湛的典型范例。艾略特在诗歌中大用意象,巧用意象,并运用了丰富的文学和文化暗指;同时,借助拼贴、反复和组合前人作品中看似无关的片段等语言手段来突现诗歌中奥妙鲜明的意象,给诗歌的表达带来沉郁顿挫、一咏三叹的韵味,使灰暗、无奈的主调显露得淋漓尽致,充分展示了诗作丰富的内涵和外延,从而开创了一种新的诗歌表达方式。     

How trade/GNP ratio decreases with country size

The ratio of a country's foreign trade (i.e., exports plus imports) to its GNP has a known tendency to decrease with country size. Previous studies have used a single year's data; but trade fluctuates greatly from year to year. This paper makes available a compilation of 1953–1972 export/GNP and import/GNP figures for 110 countries. The average import/GNP figure is found to correlate strongly with population size; the simple expression, Imports/GNP = 40 $\text{P}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>?1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}$, applies, within a factor of 2, in 94% of cases. No correlation with development level can be seen. The United States data throughout its history (1799–1972) follow the same inverse cube root pattern, but with a constant of 20 instead of 40. Correlation is much poorer in the case of export/GNP ration. Export and import figures are only marginally correlated to each other.     

俣同自由原则地位的再探讨

在西方近代合同法中 ,合同自由原则遭到全面打击而日趋衰落。合同自由原则既有促进市场经济发展的积极功能 ,同时也存在着不利于市场经济发展的消极作用。我国市场经济体制的社会主义性质和我国的具体国情 ,也决定了合同自由原则只是我国合同法的基本原则之一 ,我们必须反对将其绝对化、神圣化的倾向     

Size and duration of empires: Systematics of size

Areas of the world's three largest empires or states at any given time are listed at 100- or 50-year intervals, from 3000 b.c. on. Area measurement definitions and techniques are described. Major empire size has tended to increase, approaching the world's dry earth area in an approximately logistic way. This pattern suggests that a world state is still many centuries away. Sudden increases in empire size have occurred around 2800 b.c. due to emergence of cities, around 600 b.c. due to a power delegation breakthrough, and around 1600 a.d. due to a communication speed revolution. A graph of the world's largest empire areas throughout times offers somewhat novel perspectives on world history, making one realize the Western bias of many “world history” texts. Areas of 20 largest states that ever existed are listed. Subsequent papers will deal with historical periods in more detail.     

浅议新时期统一战线理论的发展

统一战线是我党的重要法宝,在我国革命和建设中都发挥了重要作用.党的三代领导集体结合我国实际,不断丰富和发展了党的统一战线理论.本文对新时期统一战线理论的发展进行了重点论述,这些理论是指导我们做好新世纪统战工作的重要理论基础.     

浅论符合论真理观的经验论色彩

通过对以罗素、维特根斯坦为代表的传统符合论真理观的分析,结合经验论和唯理论的主要分歧,揭示传统符合论真理观具有较为明显的经验论色彩。主张知识起源于感觉经验,将感觉经验绝对化,只承认感觉的真实性。