论美国破产托管人的选任及薪酬

美国破产法典规定了三种不同的程序，其目标亦有差异。这导致三种程序托管人的角色、任命及其薪酬也各自有别。清算程序中托管人由债权人选举产生；重整程序中托管人可由法院裁定、债权人选举或联邦托管人任命产生；个人债务调整程序中托管人由联邦托管人任命产生。托管人的薪酬原则上按照分档累积收费制收取，法典还规定其上下限，并且法院享有一定程度的调整薪酬的裁量权。     

On the trimmed mean and minimax-variance L-estimation in Kolmogorov neighbourhoods

We consider the properties of the trimmed mean, as regards minimax-variance L-estimation of a location parameter in a Kolmogorov neighbourhood K() of the normal distribution: We first review some results on the search for an L-minimax estimator in this neighbourhood, i.e. a linear combination of order statistics whose maximum variance in K_t() is a minimum in the class of L-estimators. The natural candidate – the L-estimate which is efficient for that member of K_t,() with minimum Fisher information – is known not to be a saddlepoint solution to the minimax problem. We show here that it is not a solution at all. We do this by showing that a smaller maximum variance is attained by an appropriately trimmed mean. We argue that this trimmed mean, as well as being computationally simple – much simpler than the efficient L-estimate referred to above, and simpler than the minimax M- and R-estimators – is at least “nearly” minimax.     

Penalized likelihood-ratio test for finite mixture models with multinomial observations

Due to the irregularity of finite mixture models, the commonly used likelihood-ratio statistics often have complicated limiting distributions. We propose to add a particular type of penalty function to the log-likelihood function. The resulting penalized likelihood-ratio statistics have simple limiting distributions when applied to finite mixture models with multinomial observations. The method is especially effective in addressing the problems discussed by Chernoff and Lander (1995). The theory developed and simulations conducted show that the penalized likelihood method can give very good results, better than the well-known C(α) procedure, for example. The paper does not, however, fully explore the choice of penalty function and weight. The full potential of the new procedure is to be explored in the future.     

在Delphi中利用IdFTP组件实现大文件上传

本文利用Delphi和Indy套件中的IdFTP组件，在Delphi下生成ActiveX控件供浏览器客户端上传文件用，上传完毕后客户端发送消息给服务器端，利用服务器端的脚本处理上传后的文件．     

皮尔士的逻辑人生

皮尔士早年曾受严格的逻辑训练,坚持以逻辑学为学术目标,一生热情地追求逻辑学的改进和应用。他的逻辑思想具有广阔的视野,对于逻辑学的发展作出了杰出贡献。然而,他作为一位伟大逻辑学家,长期不被人理解,只是在近几年才重新得到发现和重视。     

Theory & Methods: Krige,Smooth, Both or Neither?

Both kriging and non-parametric regression smoothing can model a non-stationary regression function with spatially correlated errors. However comparisons have mainly been based on ordinary kriging and smoothing with uncorrelated errors. Ordinary kriging attributes smoothness of the response to spatial autocorrelation whereas non-parametric regression attributes trends to a smooth regression function. For spatial processes it is reasonable to suppose that the response is due to both trend and autocorrelation. This paper reviews methodology for non-parametric regression with autocorrelated errors which is a natural compromise between the two methods. Re-analysis of the one-dimensional stationary spatial data of Laslett (1994) and a clearly non-stationary time series demonstrates the rather surprising result that for these data, ordinary kriging outperforms more computationally intensive models including both universal kriging and correlated splines for spatial prediction. For estimating the regression function, non-parametric regression provides adaptive estimation, but the autocorrelation must be accounted for in selecting the smoothing parameter.     

8种血清型禽大肠杆菌的生化反应及药物敏感试验分析

选取具有致病力8种血清（O1、O2、O6、O(35)、O(54)、O(55)、O(78)、O(103)）禽大肠肝菌进行生化反应及药物敏感试验，研究其生化特性及对药物的敏感性。结果表明：8种血清型大肠杆菌生化反应基本一致，所不同的是在卫予醇反应中，（O1、O2、O6、O(35)、O(105)）4种血清型大肠杆菌呈阴性；8种血清型大肠杆菌对了胶卡那霉素、痢特灵、链霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素、红霉素均呈极、高、中、低不同程度敏感，对万古霉素均不敏感；7种（除O6外）血清型大肠杆菌对氯霉素呈极敏感或高敏；6种（除O(35)、O(103)外）血清型大肠肝菌对庆大霉素呈高、中、低度敏感二种（O1、O2、O(54)、O(78)）血清型大肠杆菌对氨苄青霉素呈高度敏感；2种（O1、O2）血清型大肠杆菌对强力霉素、磺胺药、四环素呈中敏或极敏。     

论张学良在西安事变和平解决中的地位和作用

西安事变的和平解决是促成蒋介石接受张、杨及中共抗日思想的关键.西安事变能够和平解决,真正起决定作用的是事变的主角张学良.在整个西安事变的发展过程中,张学良不仅是和平解决事变的倡导者,还是促进西安事变和平解决的实施者,张学良作为西安事变和平解决的主体地位以及发挥出的决定性作用,是应该给予充分肯定的.     

东北亚合作问题研究的新视野：重组区域政治结构——中国的东北亚区域战略与东北亚政治结构

东北亚是构筑大规模国际合作体系非常理想的区域,但各国所陷入的安全困境阻碍这一体系的建构。这种安全困境与扰动这一区域政治结构的要素相关联,这一要素就是朝鲜半岛问题和美国的控制战略。正因为如此,欲实施我国的东北亚区域发展战略就必须从解决朝鲜半岛问题切入,由此弱化美国对东北亚区域的控制力,并营造必要的政治环境,使东北亚各国的战略指向转移到合作的层面上来。     

标准谬误论的批评和重新解读

诸多学者追随汉布林，对标准谬误论进行了广泛而持久的批评。这些批评无疑大大促进了谬误研究。但是，不仅这些批评存在矫枉过正的情况，而且也存在从新的视界重新解读标准谬误论的可能性。