解读詹姆斯·鲍德温作品中父亲形象的《圣经》原型

父子关系是美国当代著名黑人作家詹姆斯.鲍德温毕生探究的一大主题,他的许多作品中都体现了对心目中理想的黑人父亲的渴求。此外,其作品中浓郁的宗教情结同样不容忽视。鲍德温在不同时期创作的三部作品——《向苍天呼吁》、《阿门角》和《假如比尔街能够说话》——中塑造了三种不同类型的黑人父亲形象,而且这些父亲形象都可以从《圣经》以及鲍德温本人的生活中找到原型。从《圣经》原型的角度解读这些作品中的黑人父亲形象无疑对理解作者本人及其作品很有助益。     

Reconceptualizing the Self Phenomenon: Toward an Emic Conception of the Self

In sociology, the self has been conceptualized as either self‐concept or the process of self‐reflectivity. Both notions of the self have been traced to the early thinkers—William James, Charles H. Cooley, and George H. Mead—who laid the foundation for the scientific study of the self phenomenon. In this article, I propose a revised conception of the self based on a re‐reading of the classics. I argue that the self is related to but not the same as self‐concept or the process of self‐reflectivity. The self is an emic object, that is, the entity that one takes oneself to be. More specifically, the self is the empirical existence of an individual perceived by the individual to be his or her own. As the identity the individual finds in his or her existence in a world shared with others, the self is a product of both self‐reflection and self‐enactment. Implications of this reconceptualization for some broad issues related to the self phenomenon are also discussed.     

再论詹姆士的实用主义真理观

实用主义是 2 0世纪西方哲学的一个重要流派。詹姆士的实用主义真理观是实用主义方法、原则的引伸 ,是实用主义理论的核心内容。在詹姆士那里 ,真理是指与实在相符合的观念以及观念必须具备适用性 ;真理既有绝对的一面 ,又有相对的一面 ,是绝对性与相对性的统一 ;真理是观念证实它本身的过程 ,这种证实包括直接证实和间接证实两种方式。从实用主义角度来说 ,间接证实的运用比直接证实更方便、更合算。     

Resources,homophily, and dependence: Organizational attributes and asymmetric ties in human service networks

This paper examines the effects of organizational attributes on power/dependence relations in interorganizational dyads. Exchange and homophily theories are discussed as two alternative perspectives on the processes that give rise to such effects. The data pertain to interagency ties in three community-based networks of youth service agencies and are analyzed via a new strategy of linear modeling dyadic relations. The results of the analysis suggest that size, administrative position, and justice system connections condition the extent to which an agency initiates and receives ties of influence, assistance, and support. Moreover, these relations are more frequent between agencies with similar treatment ideologies and client racial makeup. Finally, size and justice system access are found to reduce agency dependence on a network's administrative core. In the course of the discussion, a number of related issues and findings are discussed.     

Durkheim and pierce on suicide and economic change

This paper is an attempt to build upon Pierce's important finding, a confirmation of Durkheim, that any form of economic disruption or change increases suicide. In this paper, certain aspects of Pierce's method are criticized. The analysis of an expanded and updated data set, using analytic techniques designed for time-series data, suggests that economic disruption per se is not as relevant to the suicide rate as are economic hardship and economic deterioration or improvement.     

生态社会主义的资本主义危机理论——基于詹姆斯·奥康纳《自然的理由》

詹姆斯·奥康纳以制度批判为视角,通过分析资本主义的生产方式、基本矛盾、生态危机及其相互之间的关系,批判了资本主义制度的反生态本性。资本扩张的逻辑决定了资本主义在资本积累、扩大再生产、发展经济时必然要以牺牲生态环境为代价,并将自身的生态危机向全球扩散。资本主义的双重矛盾带来了经济与生态双重危机,资本主义依靠自身的力量无法摆脱双重危机的包围,结果必然是资本主义走向不可持续性的道路。奥康纳对资本主义制度的生态学批判既有积极的意义,也有一定的理论缺陷。     

Nonparametric Shrinkage Estimation for Aalen's Additive Hazards Model

Aalen's nonparametric additive model in which the regression coefficients are assumed to be unspecified functions of time is a flexible alternative to Cox's proportional hazards model when the proportionality assumption is in doubt. In this paper, we incorporate a general linear hypothesis into the estimation of the time‐varying regression coefficients. We combine unrestricted least squares estimators and estimators that are restricted by the linear hypothesis and produce James‐Stein‐type shrinkage estimators of the regression coefficients. We develop the asymptotic joint distribution of such restricted and unrestricted estimators and use this to study the relative performance of the proposed estimators via their integrated asymptotic distributional risks. We conduct Monte Carlo simulations to examine the relative performance of the estimators in terms of their integrated mean square errors. We also compare the performance of the proposed estimators with a recently devised LASSO estimator as well as with ridge‐type estimators both via simulations and data on the survival of primary billiary cirhosis patients.     

The ‘affective security curriculum’: breeding JBs through the marriage of the academic and the jingoistic

How does the US recruit its citizen spies used to maintain and proliferate coercive power? I use an interdisciplinary approach and a framework of affect theory to argue that there is an ‘affective security curriculum’ (ASC) that assists in explaining the tendencies towards jingoism used in the recruitment and indoctrination of students – as future security workers – in certain academic disciplines. The ASC is precisely the phenomenon that works to construct this expert class and is produced by order words, the most crucial of which is ‘terrorism’, as well as larger cultural norms linked to neoliberalism that have achieved near total dominance since the 1980s. The ASC works by intensifying the (in)ability to act for those in its domain. The necessity of linguistically proficient security workers to the US’ hegemonic project makes this a question of considerable political importance. The ASC is a different approach to answering questions of how US hegemony is maintained. Whereas positivist research agendas, such as content analysis, and postpositivist approaches, such as critical discourse analysis, certainly have their uses (and to which my notion of ASC is indebted), paradigms such as these fail to focus on the engendering processes at work vis-à-vis the expert class, without which the discursive frames such methodologies analyse would simply dissipate. My overarching purpose in this paper is to develop the concept of the ASC, its quiddity, and to present at least an incipient methodology for analysing its critical duties. As my primary intent is to introduce and conceptualize the theoretical framework of the affective security curriculum, the applied segment of this endeavour will be relatively brief – and is designed as a primer for further research.     

《女人的肖像》之悲剧情节审美

《女人的肖像》是亨利.詹姆斯的代表作之一。依托古希腊学者亚里士多德的悲剧理论中有关情节设计的描述,挖掘《女人的肖像》情节构思中的传统元素及其对文本主题意义建构的作用,以此管窥亨利.詹姆斯小说对古典戏剧创作理论的继承和发展。