加州农业发展模式及湖南农业走向

美国加州的农业不仅称雄美国 ,而且领先于世界各地。加州农业发展模式有 :产学研结合模式、精确农业模式、农业产业化模式、有机农业模式、经营规模化模式、高度的社会服务化模式、农民种植业协会模式、农业生产标准化模式、旱作节水农业模式、农业出口型模式等。这十种成功的农业发展模式对湖南加入WTO后的农业发展有较强的指导意义。     

Some thoughts on the restructuring of North-South interaction

The theory of international trade presents trade as a positive-sum game for all participants. Yet, most of the negotiations between the developed and the developing countries seem to have been conducted under a perception of reality that views North-South relations as a zero-sum game. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a general framework for institutional and structural changes to benefit all participants. A number of original proposals for international reforms to support equitable development in developing countries are presented. The major element of the proposals include a Land Reform Fund, a rural and industrial development package for LDCs, support for trade liberalization of impacts from land reform countries, and an industrial Assistance Fund to help industrial countries to restructure production pattern.The proposals contain obviously far reaching national and international political implications whose impact is assessed in the concluding part of the paper. There the claim is made that unless both sets of countries find cooperation mutually attractive, they will be unable to embark in development strategies characterized by the highest chance of success and with the fewest economic and social disruptions.     

美国加州的高等教育体系概观

美国加州的高等教育体系植根于美国重视教育的传统之中,起步于南北战争后美国高等教育的迅速发展和转型时期。到20世纪5060年代,加州的高等教育体系框架业已形成。加州政府为化解高等教育内部的矛盾、适应人们对高等教育不断扩大的需求,通过立法和规划在各类高等教育机构之间形成一种政治妥协和功能分层的格局,使加州的高等教育体系富有活力并创造了高等教育大众化的最先进成就,值得借鉴。     

美国加州高校大学生社会实践及其启示

美国加州大学高度重视大学生的社会实践工作,组织学生参与学校管理和社区服务,对大学生开放校内工作岗位,鼓励大学生在校外企业兼职。通过大学生的社会实践活动,从而加强大学生的思想政治教育,提高大学生的公民意识,培养大学生的职业素质,帮助大学生经济上自立。通过对美国加州高校大学生社会实践工作的考察与分析,启发我们对大学生社会实践工作进行进一步的探索和实践,思考如何进一步完善高校社会实践的建设,加强对大学生职业意识与能力的培养,发挥大学生在教育过程中的主体作用和改革助学模式、促进实践育人等方面问题。     

“Projecting the Future by Looking Over One's Shoulder at the Past”: The Milken Institute's One-Sided Analysis of California's Future

The first Michael Milken Institute conference on the state of the state of California, held November 5, 1999, identified 21st century opportunities and challenges in light of recent economic and demographic trends. The panelists came from the banking/venture capital, industrial, real estate development, think tank and political spheres. Notably absent were delegates from the environmental community. Optimism reigned: The presenters considered that the shortage and soaring price of housing are major concerns, yet they could not view this as a contra-indication to future population increase. Possibilities of major ethnic clashes in a state where no ethnic group commands a majority went unaddressed. Both the conference materials and those present subscribed to the view that growth is good and bigger is better; no other indicators of quality of life were mentioned. Ecological overload and threats of collapsing eco-systems, the permanent water shortage foreseen by state planners beginning as early as 2015, and the increasing vulnerability to inevitable natural disasters as major earthquakes and droughts should population projections be fulfilled (today's 35 million will grow to 50 million by 2020; carrying capacity level is about 10 million) all went unmentioned. Those present left falsely reassured that for California the 21st century will largely be a replay of the 20^th.     

美国沿太平洋经济带人才集聚主要原因的历史探析

本文主要以加利福尼亚和硅谷为例,论述开发较晚,人才匮乏的美国太平洋沿岸是如何成为人才集聚的新兴经济带的。认为历史机遇、政策导向、事业平台是最主要的原因。其次,美国技术边疆开拓者的创新精神和吸引凝聚力起了重要作用。     

Private thoughts and public actions:: A commentary on articles dealing with ethical issues in evaluation

This commentary represents a personal reaction to seven articles on ethical issues in evaluation. The author of the commentary begins with two assumptions: (1) Professional evaluators might not have the vocabulary and constructs to analyze their thoughts and actions in ethical terms, and (2) professional evaluators have often confronted troubling situations that probably contain ethical issues embedded within them. Consequently, she queries the seven articles individually and collectively in terms of the following questions: 1. What is the range of ethical problems I might encounter as an evaluator; and how do I recognize the ethical characteristics of professional dilemmas? 2. How do I describe troubling evaluation problems I have encountered that seem to have an ethical component? 3. What are some approaches I have used or might use in thinking about a proper course of action? 4. How do I know if, in a given situation, I have behaved ethically? 5. Where do we go from here?     

A model for a comparative cost-effectiveness evaluation of two mental health partial care programs.

This study provides a model for comparing the cost-effectiveness of two mental health programs. The example cited examines the cost-effectiveness of a hospital-based and a community-based partial care program. Using each group as its own control, the authors compare patients' use of inpatient hospitalisation and emergency room services during one year prior to and one year subsequent to first admission in day care. In both day care programs, patients substantially reduced their number of inpatient admissions and days. Neither program, however, showed a significant decrease in patients' use of the emergency room. Reflecting the substantially lower costs of the community-based program, the benefit-cost and cost-effectiveness ratios were significantly better in the community-based program than in the hospital-based program. Based on this evidence the authors conclude that the lower-cost, equally effective community-based program should be carefully considered as an alternative for more partial care patients.