Approaches to the study of urban ecosystems: The case of Central Arizona—Phoenix

CAP LTER focuses on an arid-land ecosystem profoundly influenced, even defined, by the presence and activities of humans and is one of only two LTER sites that specifically studies the ecology of an urban system. In this large-scale project, biological, physical, and social scientists are working together to study the structure and function of the urban ecosystem, to assess the effects of urban development on surrounding agricultural and desert lands, and to study the relationship and feedbacks between human decisions and ecological processes.Our interdisciplinary investigations into the relationship between land-use decisions and ecological consequences in the rapidly growing urban environment of Phoenix are of broad relevance for the study of social ecological systems and cites in particular. Refinements in our conceptual model of social ecological systems focuses our attention on recognizing the scales and periodicities of ecological and human phenomena, understanding the means and impacts of human control of variability in space and time, and finally an evaluation of the resilience of various aspects of socio-ecological systems especially their vulnerabilities and their potential for adaptive learning.     

从《弟子规》看国学教育的情感向度

《弟子规》是当前在幼儿教育、基础教育阶段最被国学教育者看好的古代蒙学教材,其内容中的三个珍贵内核———“入则孝”、“出则悌”、“泛爱众”,构成一条情感教育的主线。“入则孝”是感恩的教育,“出则悌”是尊重的教育,“泛爱众”是关心的教育,终极指向是提升受教育者的情感品质。而这正是国学教育的宝贵特色。     

文科学报的当代化研究是编辑学研究的新收获

正确处理高校文科学报与精神文明、政治文明、物质文明、法治文明等的关系是高校文科学报“当代化”发展的重要内容。时代在不断变化发展,对文科学报的“当代化”研究也没有止境。     

巧心浚发 妙句云来——评范仲淹的律赋

范仲淹是北宋律赋发展史上的转折性人物。他的赋现存作品数量多,在题材、内容上均有拓展,既有济世之思、治国之道,也包含了对世界和人生哲理的论述,使律赋完成了由歌手到思想者的角色转换。他的律赋创作技巧精熟,且时有创新:破题及句式整齐中有变化;用韵符合要求且多创变;对仗尤工,琢句尤精,用事引典,化用自然。他还总结了律赋的创作规律,对律赋学有重要贡献。     

子夏家学与《诗大序》——子夏作《诗大序》说补证

《诗大序》旧传为子夏所作。唐宋以降,异说蜂起。自20世纪疑古派兴起,“子夏说”几乎被彻底否定,更多的学者认为《诗大序》出自汉儒,国内高校通行的文学批评史教材,也多把《诗大序》认作是汉代之作而加以论述。论者多认为《诗序》是《毛诗》学者杂采先秦古籍如《左传》、《国语》、《乐记》、《孟子》等遗文,附会旧说,拼凑而成。但有事实证明,《毛诗》的编撰者,并没有见到《左传》与《乐记》,也未必见过《孟子》。史籍中并无坚证可否定子夏作序说。而《诗大序》自身,却以其对诗歌独到的神秘性感悟与体验,证实着卜氏后人子夏作序的最大可能性。     

当代发展研究理论的演变

当代发展研究理论二战后兴起于西方国家 ,经历了正统现代化学派、修正现代化学派、激进发展学派、批判发展学派等几个阶段的理论演变。发展研究理论内部存在着发展目标不断深化和发展手段单一化之间的矛盾 ,外部存在着受西方社会背景影响的理论与发展中国家的现实间的矛盾 ,从而使其理论传统难以为继     

红学论争与学术规范

以学术规范为前提 ,以红学发展中蔡元培的索隐、胡适的考证以及当代在这两大流派影响下产生的论争热点为切入点 ,分析探讨了红学论争中的优劣得失 ,阐明了这些论争所取得的学术成果 ,及其中有违学术规范的现象与曾经步入的误区。指出当前的学术界要有精品意识 ,要提倡学术研究的科学态度与方法 ,既要勇于创新 ,又要尊重史料与前人的研究成果 ,不做无谓论争。在文章的后半部分 ,还探讨了红学研究的重心、研究者应有的心态、领导层与媒体的学术研究导向等问题。     

Sample size implications when biases are modelled rather than ignored

Summary.  Realistic statistical modelling of observational data often suggests a statistical model which is not fully identified, owing to potential biases that are not under the control of study investigators. Bayesian inference can be implemented with such a model, ideally with the most precise prior knowledge that can be ascertained. However, as a consequence of the non-identifiability, inference cannot be made arbitrarily accurate by choosing the sample size to be sufficiently large. In turn, this has consequences for sample size determination. The paper presents a sample size criterion that is based on a quantification of how much Bayesian learning can arise in a given non-identified model. A global perspective is adopted, whereby choosing larger sample sizes for some studies necessarily implies that some other potentially worthwhile studies cannot be undertaken. This suggests that smaller sample sizes should be selected with non-identified models, as larger sample sizes constitute a squandering of resources in making estimator variances very small compared with their biases. Particularly, consider two investigators planning the same study, one of whom admits to the potential biases at hand and consequently uses a non-identified model, whereas the other pretends that there are no biases, leading to an identified but less realistic model. It is seen that the former investigator always selects a smaller sample size than the latter, with the difference being quite marked in some illustrative cases.     

国家战略物资储备立法研究

加快国家战略物资储备立法是深入推进依法行政,依法履行国家物资储备职能,完善国家物资储备制度体系的一项重要工作。目前,我国战略物资储备立法存在分散、陈旧以及位阶偏低等问题。推进我国战略物资储备的立法工作,不仅需要明确立法的目的和调整范围,还应当着重分析战略物资储备中的管理主体、模式选择、外部监管和法律责任等问题,以此推动我国战略物资储备的法治化进程。     

基于语料库的《李尔王》三译本欧化现象比较研究

《李尔王》是文艺复兴时期英国戏剧家威廉·莎士比亚的四大悲剧之一,不同时代的多名译者曾以不同的语体风格将其呈现给中文读者。本文选取梁实秋、朱生豪和彭镜禧三位译者的译本,以基于语料库的量化方法为主进行比较研究,从词汇和句法两个层面考察其中的欧化现象,旨在探寻更加适合当代中文读者的《李尔王》译本,进而促进莎剧这一经典作品在当代中国的传播。