经史分途的“文化层级”和“身份选择”意识——以司马迁及《史记》为中心

司马迁之《史记》开＂正史＂之先河,在这关键的转折之中,文化背景与民族心理因素至关重要：中国经史子集＂四部＂之分,实为一种＂文化层级＂意识,与＂三不朽＂的人生＂价值层级＂相对应,二者皆中国特有;再者,由于世易时移,进入＂经＂书行列的时代契机不复存在,加之司马迁个人身份特征与孔子式＂圣人＂形象不合,没能如愿进入＂圣人＂行列...     

Effective Design of Products/Services: An Approach Based on Integration of Marketing and Operations Management Decisions*

This paper presents an integrated framework for designing profit‐maximizing products/ services, which can also be produced at reasonable operating difficulty levels. Operating difficulty is represented as a function of product and process attributes, and measures a firm's relative ease or difficulty in meeting customer demand patterns under specified operating conditions. Earlier optimum product design procedures have not considered. operational difficulty. We show that optimum profit, market share, cost, and product profiles are dependent on operating difficulty level. Empirical results from the pizza delivery industry demonstrate the value of the proposed Effective Product/Service Design approach.     

"清流"张之洞

知人论世,要评价后来的张之洞,应该先了解"清流"张之洞."清流"时期张之洞的交友方式和政治行为,已经表露出他的志向,在于官场速化,而不是其他.他不具备一个划时代人物所应有的人品和理想主义精神.这样的人品和政治抱负,决定了他是旧体制的维护者,而不是新时代的开辟者.     

社会学习理论在大学生职业生涯规划中的应用

社会学习理论由克朗伯兹首先应用于职业生涯规划指导中,它提出影响职业生涯决策的四种因素,以及四种因素交互作用带给个体的影响.其理论对于大学生职业生涯规划具有现实的指导意义,解释了大学生"生涯不确定"的职业障碍,为如何做好职业生涯规划和职业生涯决策提供了方法和路径.     

财政分权理论的研究主题与方法

财政分权理论是当前公共财政领域研究的前沿课题。对多级财政体制下政府、政府行为和政策选择问题的研究构成了该理论的核心主题。该理论对地方性公共产品的研究是基于Samuelson-Musgrave公共产品理论对效率问题和公共选择分析范式的对政治程序问题的探讨。新制度财政分权理论以公共选择理论为起点,对财政分权的激励机制设计问题的研究突破了传统分权理论的分析框架。在此基础上,整合了财政分权政策制定的规范和实证方法的交易成本政治学构成了研究方法上的创新。     

三权分立政体:误区、审视、否定与继承

源于西方的三权分立政体时而被贬为资本主义,时而被推崇备至。重新正确认识三权分立问题具有时代意义。三权分立政体并非资产阶级革命后大多数国家的必然选择,相反它只是美国在特定的国情下的选择,它出现在西方国家也是极其偶然的,大多数西方国家选择的是议会制。从清王朝到国民党的统治,虽然有过多次三权分立政体的尝试或推行,但从来就没有真正实现过权力的分立和制衡。在强大的封建势力为主体的国体下,三权分立政体所要求的权力分立是无法实现的。共产党人否定了三权分立政体,自主选择了人大制度。三权分立政体不适合中国,但是三权分立政体体现出来的分权与制衡思想,是人类共同的精神财富,中国也可以借鉴。     

论企业模仿创新活动的起点及发展战略

本文对模仿创新活动中存在的不同起点进行了初步分析,即模仿创新活动可以从生产、试制、开发研究、应用研究等环节开始。由此指出,我国企业在进入模仿创新活动时,可以根据自身的经济、技术实力,选择一个切实有效的切入点,以求生存、求发展。     

Measures of mortality in the study of individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in the UK haemophilia population

Two statistical issues that have arisen in the course of a study of mortality and disease related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the haemophilia population of the UK are discussed. The first of these concerns methods of standardization for age and it is shown that, when the mortality of HIV-infected individuals with different severities of haemophilia are compared, an analysis based on the ratio of observed to national expected deaths suggests that mortality in HIV-infected individuals depends on the severity of their haemophilia. This conclusion is inappropriate and mortality in HIV-infected individuals is, in fact, similar regardless of severity of haemophilia. The second part of the paper discusses the effect of using various end points for studies of survival and progression of HIV-related disease. In the present example it was possible to calculate relative survival in HIV-infected individuals, i.e. survival after correcting for mortality expected in the absence of HIV infection. An analysis based on absolute survival gave a very similar picture of the effect of age at infection to an analysis based on relative survival, whereas an analysis based on the time to diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) underestimated the effect substantially and the possible alternative end point of time to AIDS or HIV-related death was shown to be subject to considerable misclassification error.     

The impact of international business education on career success—Evidence from Europe

In today's globalized world, career paths are becoming increasingly international, and so managers need respective cross-cultural strengths in order to act effectively in various cultural environments. Even though education—especially business education—is progressively becoming more international to meet these organizational demands, little is known about whether the extent of international business education influences careers, and in particular career success. In addressing this research deficit, we explore whether and how international business education affects career success. As the major contribution of this paper we suggest a conceptual framework which posits global identity and international experience as mediators of this relationship. The assumptions of this framework are confirmed by an investigation amongst 450 alumni of a European business school. Additional contributions include that we extend the limited body of research on the construct of international business education and its measurement, by providing an all-encompassing definition and much-needed operationalization. Furthermore, we contribute a European perspective on international business education through our empirical evidence.     

Are skilled contingent workers neglected? Evidence from a cross-sector multiple case study on organizational career management practices

The study aims to discover the extent to which organizations support the careers of skilled contingent workers (SCWs) by providing them with organizational career management (OCM) practices. Analyzing three Belgian companies from different sectors, we find that SCWs do benefit from OCM practices. Such practices cover three dimensions: formalization, individual focus, and differentiation. Subsequently, we explain the three dimensions, respectively, through three contextual variables: the legal and regulatory framework, companies’ human resource management (HRM) configurations and the value of human capital, and the roles of third-party actors. The association of the variables with such dimensions enables the development of three research propositions. This study paves the way for additional research on SCWs and their careers as well as incorporating this population in HRM strategies, including that of OCM practices.