Choice set,relative income,and inequity aversion: An experimental investigation

Inequity aversion preference has been widely applied in interpretations of various economic behaviors. A rapidly growing literature has been attempting to measure the strength of inequity aversion preferences as accurately as possible. We vary two factors that might affect the accuracy of the measurement of inequity aversion preference, i.e., choice sets with different underlying inequity aversion strength ranges and with different relative income inequities while absolute income inequities remain fixed. We find that unidirectional changes in the choice sets for disadvantageous and advantageous inequity aversion preferences significantly bias the measured strength of both preferences in the same directions of the changes and that the variance in inequity aversion increases with the range of choice sets. Moreover, a decrease in relative income inequity raises the measured strength of advantageous inequity aversion but does not affect disadvantageous inequity aversion preference. Our results suggest controlling for choice sets and relative income inequity between players to improve the measurement accuracy of inequity aversion preference.     

Effect of choice complexity on design efficiency in conjoint choice experiments

Conjoint choice experiments have become a powerful tool to explore individual preferences. The consistency of respondents' choices depends on the choice complexity. For example, it is easier to make a choice between two alternatives with few attributes than between five alternatives with several attributes. In the latter case it will be much harder to choose the preferred alternative which is reflected in a higher response error. Several authors have dealt with this choice complexity in the estimation stage but very little attention has been paid to set up designs that take this complexity into account. The core issue of this paper is to find out whether it is worthwhile to take this complexity into account in the design stage. We construct efficient semi-Bayesian D-optimal designs for the heteroscedastic conditional logit model which is used to model the across respondent variability that occurs due to the choice complexity. The degree of complexity is measured by the entropy, as suggested by Swait and Adamowicz (2001). The proposed designs are compared with a semi-Bayesian D-optimal design constructed without taking the complexity into account. The simulation study shows that it is much better to take the choice complexity into account when constructing conjoint choice experiments.     

Women’s career development in an Arab Middle Eastern context

This study examines women’s perspectives on requirements for enabling their access to senior leadership roles in the under-researched context of the Arab Middle East. It draws on an approach that utilizes qualitative, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with academic women working in Saudi Arabia higher education. The findings of this study reveal several culturally responsive strategies for supporting the advancement of women into leading positions within higher education. Also, the study demonstrates how women in Saudi higher education learn to resist patriarchal power structures and gender discrimination, and to develop their own strategies for negotiating those issues. In addition, the results provide evidence of the academy’s importance as an institution that works collaboratively with the government to develop women’s careers. The originality of this paper is its contribution to the limited knowledge that currently exists on women’s career development in the Arab Middle Eastern context. This study also will benefit human resource departments and human resource development practitioners with knowledge regarding the intertwining of social forces with university practices, and gender-related issues, which in turn affect women’s positions in the academy. Additionally, the study suggests that human resource development practitioners should establish policies and practices with respect to gender-related equity issues that could have a positive impact on wider national human resource development systems, and potentially open more opportunities for positive career development for women.     

Exploring teachers’ career self-management. Considering the roles of organizational career management,occupational self-efficacy,and learning goal orientation.

The current study examines how organizational career management – i.e. activities undertaken by schools in order to plan and manage teachers’ careers – relates to teachers’ career self-management – i.e. teachers steering their careers by means of searching for opportunities, networking, or seeking supervisory support. Moreover, it examines the mediating roles of occupational self-efficacy and learning goal orientation in this relationship. Mediation analysis in SPSS, using the PROCESS macro of survey data from 220 Dutch secondary school teachers, showed that positive relationships between organizational career management and career self-management were mediated by occupational self-efficacy and learning goal orientation.     

论近代英法国家的税收与政体选择——基于交易费用的视角

税收不仅有助于现代国家的诞生，更是现代国家发展的强大推动力量。在政府与纳税人漫长的税收博弈过程中，政府会通过各种手段提高自己的相对讨价还价权力，但面临着竞争约束和交易费用约束。为了获得更多的税收收入，政府必须采取相应措施降低交易费用。而不同性质的税收在征收过程中面临的交易费用是不同的，这会对国家的政体选择和政治发展产生不同影响，英国和法国提供了历史的经验证明。     

认清形势 多措并举 做好大学新生的就业指导工作

大学生就业压力逐年增大,竞争越来越激烈,对大学生的就业指导不能等到学生大三、大四的时候才开展。对于大一新生而言,刚刚迈进大学校门的时候就有必要开展就业指导工作,使其认清形势,明确目标,改变观念,在以后的大学生活中不断提高就业能力和素质,为将来的成功就业打下坚实的基础。     

论教师职业专业化的发展

通过对教师职业演进的分析 ,探讨了教师职业专业化的特征及实现教师职业专业化的途径     

大学生就业难情景下的中小企业人才战略研究

目前大学生就业难已成为我国社会的一个突出问题,而中小企业又面临着人才匮乏的现状。通过对大学生择业动机和离职倾向的研究,分析了中小企业人才缺失的制度、机制、企业文化等原因,提出了大学生就业难情景下的校企＂互动—整合＂人才战略模式,并提出相关的应对措施,对解决大学生就业难和中小企业人才缺失问题具有现实意义。     

Vice Careers: The Changing Contours of Sex Work in New York City

In the mid-1990s, changes to law enforcement strategies in New York City pushed many women working in the sex trade off of the streets and into the indoors. Increasing numbers of women began advertising sexual services in bars, over the Internet, and in print media, and conducting their work in their homes, hotels, and brothels. This study uses in-depth interviews and participant observation to examine the impact of this change on the life and work of women working in New York’s indoor sex trade. A critical finding is that as women move their work indoors, they begin to conceive of sex work as a profession and a career, rather than just a short-term means of employment. This “professional and careerist orientation” may have significant implications for the length of women’s tenure in sex work and ultimately, for their ability to exit the trade completely.

An Ethical Interpretation of the Nash Choice Rule

This paper provides an ethical intepretation of the Nash choice rule. In a setting in which (cardinal) utilities are interpersonally comparable, this procedure is characterised by an impartiality requirement and by the assumption that choices are not responsive to the agents' relative ability to convert resources into utility.