高危弱势群体的社区照管：理论与经验

对弱势群体的关注是和谐社会建设的重要主题。而高危弱势群体,包括药物滥用者、刑释解教人员、"三失"青少年等,因其特殊性和复杂性,更值得社会各界关注。本文在梳理国内外社区照顾理论及概括上海预防犯罪工作体系建设经验基础上,认为上海针对高危弱势群体的社会工作处遇方式,实质上是在探索和构建一种新的社区照顾模式。总结和概括上海针对高危弱势群体的社区照管经验,对于全国其他城市构建和谐社区乃至和谐社会有重要参考和借鉴价值,对于社会体制改革也具有重要示范意义。     

国有企业如何建立全面社会责任管理体系

2008年国资委1号文《关于中央企业履行社会责任的指导意见》出台，标志着国有企业社会责任运动从“解释问题”向“解决问题”阶段转变，国有企业大多认识到履行社会责任的必要性和重要性，但如何引进和推广社会责任理念，并与企业经营的全面融合，是国有企业社会责任实践所面临的新挑战。文章依据Waddock的全面责任管理理论，提出了国有企业建立全面社会责任管理体系的阶段性步骤和相应建议。     

Nondestructive creation: Entrepreneurship and management research in the study of growth

Economists’ focus on institutions in explaining economic growth, while important, can obscure the significant role played by individual entrepreneurs and the process of entrepreneurship. The prevailing view of entrepreneurship in economics (which continues to shape prevailing public policies) centers on Schumpeter's famous concept of “creative destruction.” In the context of sustained high levels of economic growth, as in the recent American experience, I focus on a different feature of entrepreneurship—“nondestructive creation,” in which the uncoordinated contest of ideas and search for new applications of existing ideas generate growth. And this nondestructive creation should be analyzed and can be fostered.     

Employee stress litigation: The UK experience

This paper considers the extent to which stress-induced illness can be regarded as a personal injury that could give rise to civil action for damages against employers in the UK. It outlines the results of a brief survey of personal injury solicitors, which indicates that claims are already being initiated by employees who allege they have suffered a stress-induced illness. The potential for claims within industrial tribunal cases that have already been decided is also examined. Consideration is given to the hurdles that litigants will have to surmount, such as proving that their condition was in fact caused by some feature of their working conditions, showing that it was foreseeable that they would suffer a stress-based injury, and demonstrating that their employer was in some way at fault. This leads to a questioning of what employers can do to protect themselves from such claims, or at least defend them successfully. The paper points out that success is likely to depend heavily upon the quality of expert medical opinion, and also upon policy conditions that may influence those adjudicating on such cases. It is concluded that the cost of losing claims may be significant, and that employees who ignore the warning signs do so at their peril.     

KRM促进中国企业发展

本文阐述了现今最适合企业发展的,由英克科技(INCA Co.Ltd)提出的KRM(Knowledge＆Resource Man-agement知识与资源管理)体系,介绍了KRM的管理思想、发展过程、特点和优势,并以石药集团的成功案例加以举证,探讨出一条利用信息技术及知识来管理企业内外部资源的中国企业信息化建设新路。     

试论企业管理的规范与创新

管理规范化是提高企业管理水平的基础环节,是管理科学化的必然要求。管理创新是企业创新的组织保证,是管理实现个性化的主要手段。管理规范化与管理创新既有对立性,又有统一性。不同类型的企业及企业的不同时期对管理规范和管理创新应有所侧重,企业组织设计时,应寻求管理规范与管理创新的有机融合。     

Toward a scheduling congruity theory of family resource management

This article presents the elements of a theory to explain the dynamic construction and execution of production processes. The theory takes into account both the cognitive underpinnings and observable streams of purposive action necessary for managerial behavior. It attempts to explain both the consciously planned and executed action of individuals and the more routine, repetitive activities which dominate most resource allocation behavior. Further, it provides a framework within which goal directed actions of individuals may be translated into goal directed actions of groups of individuals.The authors wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article.Rosemary J. Avery is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Consumer Economics and Housing at Cornell University, 103 Martha Van Rensselaer Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853. She received her Ph.D. from The Ohio State University in 1988. Her research areas include family management and time use, family decision making, and family formation via adoption.Kathryn Stafford is an Associate Professor in the Department of Family Resource Management at The Ohio State University, Campbell Hall, Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210. Her research focuses upon management by families who generate income at home, and she has also done work in the areas of family time use and household production. She received her Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1978.     

Research in family financial counseling

Domains of family financial counseling research are proposed in order to establish criteria for assessing research needs in this relatively new field. Identification of the research domains implies progress for an emerging profession. A survey of the family financial counseling research to date is reported. Results of research in several domains are shown to demonstrate how results from empirical studies can contribute to the theory and practice of family financial counseling.Research conducted under the auspices of Agricultural Experiment Station Research Project 01803, Family Economic Problems and Resource Management.Dr. Williams is an Associate Professor in the Department of Consumer Sciences and Retailing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907. Her Ph.D. was received from Purdue. Current research interests include income adequacy, economic security, financial problems, and financial counseling.     

Relationships between bullying, psychosocial work environment and individual stress reactions

It is frequently assumed that a poor psychosocial working environment will create conditions that encourage bullying. However, few studies have examined this assumption while comparing work environment ratings of bullied and non-bullied employees who work in the same organization and/or department. The objectives of this study were therefore, first, to investigate relationships between bullying and other psychosocial work environment factors within a particular organizational setting and, second, to investigate if bullied employees reported higher levels of stress than non-bullied employees. A total of 186 blue-collar employees from a Danish manufacturing company participated in the study (response rate of 93%). Results showed significant differences in bullied and non-bullied employees' ratings of psychosocial factors such as job control, management style, role clarity, social climate, social contact and work centrality. In order to investigate assumptions that a poor psychosocial work environment creates conditions that encourage bullying, a number of analyses compared the company's manufacturing departments with either high, medium or low levels of bullying. Results showed significant departmental differences. Yet, when bullied employees were removed from the statistical analyses, with regard to the perceived psychosocial environment these same departments could be differentiated only on the basis of rated job demands and management style. The results therefore bring into question the assumption that a generally poor work environment contributes to bullying. None the less, they do suggest that management style may directly or indirectly have contributed to a higher level of bullying. Also, bullied employees reported significantly more symptoms of psychological stress and mental fatigue than non-bullied employees.     

晚清柏塘教案始末

柏塘教案是19世纪下半期在广东地区发生的最重要的民教冲突事件,其爆发的原因是广东人民反洋教情绪的高涨和伸德辉神父的骄横跋扈。清政府在柏塘教案处理过程中,对内残酷打压,对外奴颜婢膝。法国巴黎外方传教会的政治传教方式虽然在一定程度上吸引和保护了教徒,但也纵容无赖教徒,使教会的形象受到很坏的影响。