教师工作压力管理的心理学策略

角色过载让科学知识的传播者、思想教育的开拓者一教师--承受了许多外显和内隐压力,甚至压得他们不能喘息,这与"和谐社会"的理念、创造"和谐生命"的思想是不相容的,因此,缓解他们的压力迫在眉睫.基于此,本文试图探讨教师的压力来源、成因,提出缓解压力的心理学干预措施.     

职业归因风格问卷（OASQ）的初步修订

目的：初步修订职业归因风格问卷（OaSQ）。方法：对330名大学生进行职业归因风格问卷（0AsQ）的测定。结果：①修订的职业归因风格问卷总体信度达到0．93,各因子的信度在0．47—0．89之间。②正性事件分量表四因素总的解释率为35．57％,负性事件分量表五因素总的解释率为41．39％,表明问卷结构效度良好。结论：初步修订的职业归因风格问卷的信度和效度指标符合心理测量学的要求,可作为大学生的职业归因风格测量工具。     

Monte-Carlo Sensitivity Analysis for Controlled Direct Effects Using Marginal Structural Models in the Presence of Confounded Mediators

In randomized trials, investigators are frequently interested in estimating the direct effect of a treatment on an outcome that is not relayed by intermediate variables, in addition to the usual intention-to-treat (ITT) effect. Even if the ITT effect is not confounded due to randomization, the direct effect is not identified when unmeasured variables affect the intermediate and outcome variables. Although the unmeasured variables cannot be adjusted for in the models, it is still important to evaluate the potential bias of these variables quantitatively. This article proposes a sensitivity analysis method for controlled direct effects using a marginal structural model that is an extension of the sensitivity analysis method of unmeasured confounding introduced in the context of observational studies. The proposed method is illustrated using a randomized trial of depression.     

Research Design Meets Market Design: Using Centralized Assignment for Impact Evaluation

A growing number of school districts use centralized assignment mechanisms to allocate school seats in a manner that reflects student preferences and school priorities. Many of these assignment schemes use lotteries to ration seats when schools are oversubscribed. The resulting random assignment opens the door to credible quasi‐experimental research designs for the evaluation of school effectiveness. Yet the question of how best to separate the lottery‐generated randomization integral to such designs from non‐random preferences and priorities remains open. This paper develops easily‐implemented empirical strategies that fully exploit the random assignment embedded in a wide class of mechanisms, while also revealing why seats are randomized at one school but not another. We use these methods to evaluate charter schools in Denver, one of a growing number of districts that combine charter and traditional public schools in a unified assignment system. The resulting estimates show large achievement gains from charter school attendance. Our approach generates efficiency gains over ad hoc methods, such as those that focus on schools ranked first, while also identifying a more representative average causal effect. We also show how to use centralized assignment mechanisms to identify causal effects in models with multiple school sectors.     

服务补救模型的构建及策略

服务的特性决定了服务失误不可完全避免,服务补救对于企业进行服务失误管理以及重新获得顾客忠诚有着重要意义。首先对归因理论、公平理论以及关系品质在服务补救中的运用作简要分析,然后在理论分析的基础上构建服务补救模型,最后提出企业实施服务补救的具体策略。     

Accommodating stochastic departures from percentile invariance in causal models

Summary.  Consider a clinical trial in which participants are randomized to a single-dose treatment or a placebo control and assume that the adherence level is accurately recorded. If the treatment is effective, then good adherers in the treatment group should do better than poor ad- herers because they received more drug; the treatment group data follow a dose–response curve. But, good adherers to the placebo often do better than poor adherers, so the observed adherence–response in the treatment group cannot be completely attributed to the treatment. Efron and Feldman proposed an adjustment to the observed adherence–response in the treatment group by using the adherence–response in the control group. It relies on a percentile invariance assumption under which each participant's adherence percentile within their assigned treatment group does not depend on the assigned group (active drug or placebo). The Efron and Feldman approach is valid under percentile invariance, but not necessarily under departures from it. We propose an analysis based on a generalization of percentile invariance that allows adherence percentiles to be stochastically permuted across treatment groups, using a broad class of stochastic permutation models. We show that approximate maximum likelihood estimates of the underlying dose–response curve perform well when the stochastic permutation process is correctly specified and are quite robust to model misspecification.     

刘师培对《晏子春秋》研究的贡献

刘师培对《晏子春秋》研究做出了巨大的贡献。他在前人成果的基础上，进一步校释了《晏子春秋》的文本，考证了《晏子春秋》的篇目，并对《晏子春秋》著作的学派归属进行了论争，为后人进一步研究《晏子春秋》奠定了坚实的基础。     

The effects of job displacement on job quality: Findings from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study

This study examines the extent to which job displacement divides the career experiences for a cohort of workers. Previous studies of job displacement find nontrivial economic losses for displaced workers, but the effects of displacement on “non-economic” properties of jobs have been largely overlooked. Results using the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study indicate that workers who were displaced have lower levels of occupational status, job authority, and employer-offered pension and health insurance than they would have had had they not been displaced. Difference-in-differences estimates, which control for temporally-invariant unobserved heterogeneity, are generally larger than cross-sectional estimates; still, there is a close correspondence of estimates across a range of methodological approaches attesting to the robustness of the estimates in the face of various technical assumptions and model specifications. Effects of displacement on job quality also exhibit conditioning by gender, education, occupation, and industry: while less educated, blue collar and manufacturing workers experience significant losses for employer-offered benefits, more educated, upper white collar and non-manufacturing workers experience significant losses for occupational status, job autonomy, and job authority.     

归因理论在排球技术教学中的应用研究

研究分析归因理论为排球教师提供有效的具体问题具体分析的教学工作方法,探讨在排球技术教学中,学生的归因特点,指出教师在排球教学中应引导学生在技术学习过程中进行积极的归因,从而提高排球技术教学效果。     

归因与归责:刑事医疗诉讼中鉴定机构与法院的角色定位

在刑事医疗诉讼中, 鉴定机构和法院的关系应当是刑法上“归因”与“归责”的关系。归因是因果关系的判断, 是事实判断;归责是刑事责任的判断, 是价值判断。中国刑法中所使用的“归责”不同于大陆法系三阶层犯罪论体系中使用的“归责”, 区分归因与归责对于准确界定鉴定机构和法院之间的功能与角色以及医疗诉讼的处理具有重要意义。