论波爱修斯的模态逻辑与上帝的预知

波爱修斯的模态逻辑直接来自古代,特别是亚里士多德的模态逻辑。中世纪早期模态理论主要关注关于将来事件模态命题的解释。基于此,波爱修斯首次对上帝的预知与人的自由意志一致性进行了逻辑论证。     

The impact of education on third births. A multilevel discrete-time hazard analysis

We propose to use multilevel discrete-time hazard models to assess the impact of societal and individual level covariates on the timing and occurrence of third births. We focus mainly on the impact of educational attainment on third births across 15 European countries. From the analysis in this paper, the effect of education on the propensity to have a third child is found to be negative. This education effect is not significantly weakened by the Nordic countries, but living in Scandinavia does increase the hazard for a third birth.     

从现代奥运会看世界田径运动的创新与发展

推动世界田径运动发展的因素有内在和外在两种动力因素,内在动力因素是田径专项训练理论的发展与成熟,外在动力因素是各项运动技术的改进与完善、训练方法的变革与创新和运动场地器材设备的研制与革新,本文从现代奥运会出发重点论述了其外在动力因素。     

心理异化现象在民俗摄影中的影响

民俗摄影是以民俗事像为拍摄对象的一个崭新的摄影门类。在民俗摄影采访过程中,采访者的心理历程会随着采访的进行而与对象产生互动,互动的结果导致了采访异化现象的发生。心理异化在民俗摄影的采访过程中,会极大地影响采访过程,从而使采访失去其原来所希望的价值。     

Concretizing the concept of social stress

The concept of social stress, as adapted from Selye's work on biology, is insufficient to explain psychological functioning. To be useful, social stress must include enduring social practices characteristic of particular social systems that violate socially generated as well as biological needs. Some of these stressful events are gender role, poverty, and societal practices such as extreme competition, individualism, and materialism.     

陈云在伟大历史转折关头的杰出贡献(1976-1982)

在1976年到1982年这一党的伟大历史转折关头,陈云与邓小平一道,相互支持、密切配合,以高度的政治责任感和历史使命感,大力提倡解放思想,实事求是,冲破"两个凡是"的禁锢;积极推动拨乱反正,平反冤假错案;正确评价毛泽东的历史地位,坚持毛泽东思想的指导;力主国民经济调整,推动经济体制改革;大力呼吁发扬党内民主,健全民主集中制,严格党风党纪;高度重视干部队伍和领导班子建设,参与制定干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化的方针.为解决许多历史遗留问题和经济社会发展面临的新问题,开创我国社会主义事业发展的新时期,发挥了中流砥柱、举足轻重的关键性作用,为实现党的伟大历史转折做出了杰出贡献.     

我国政府应对网络群体事件的问题及对策研究

随着互联网的普及和社会矛盾的日益激化,网络群体事件发生的频率逐年递增,威胁着当前社会的稳定,对社会的管理及发展也造成不良影响。如何趋利避害,引导网络群体事件向有利方向发展,控制其不利影响,已经成为政府需要着力解决的重点问题。目前我国政府应对网络群体事件还存在着多种问题,如危机意识淡薄、法制不健全、系统的网络群体事件应对机制尚未建立等。培养政府官员危机意识、健全法制、构建系统的网络群体事件应对体系将是我国政府防范和化解网络群体事件的工作重心。     

北京高校甲组田径优势运动项目分析

通过对北京市入选综合排名前8名学校的优势项目进行统计分析,可以得出以下结论:第一集团学校的优势项目群配置合理,综合排名前四名学校的优势项目群呈现不同程度的重叠现象;各高校优势项目群的消长率增长与降低总体呈交替性波动,整体呈两级分化趋势;速度项目群将会领先于其他项群而得到优先发展.     

Clustering of seasonal events: A simulation study using circular methods

ABSTRACT

In a changing climate, changes in timing of seasonal events such as floods and flowering should be assessed using circular methods. Six different methods for clustering on a circle and one linear method are compared across different locations, spreads, and sample sizes. Best results are obtained when clusters are well separated and the number of observations in each cluster is approximately equal. Simulations of flood-like distributions are used to assess and explore clustering methods. Generally, k-means provides results that are close to the expected results, some other methods perform well under specific conditions, but no single method is exemplary.     

A Recursive Formula for the Probability of Occurrence of at Least m out of N Events

A recursive same-sign relation is derived that reduces the probability of occurrence of at least m out of N independent events to the probability of occurrence of at least m out of N ? 1 of these N events.