刍议知识经济时代的大学文化教育

知识经济时代的大学教育是培养创业者的教育。文化整体性教育是大学生综合素质培养的必然要求 ,文化整体性既是各类文化的总和 ,又指一般的文化知识     

国内高校改革、发展情况的比较

总结了高校改革发展中一些具有共性的经验 ,内容涉及高校如何抓住机遇 ,深化改革 ,转变机制 ,加快发展 ,以及机制、人事制度改革 ,后勤社会化 ,学科建设 ,教学科研 ,校园文化 ,素质教育等。     

Accommodating stochastic departures from percentile invariance in causal models

Summary.  Consider a clinical trial in which participants are randomized to a single-dose treatment or a placebo control and assume that the adherence level is accurately recorded. If the treatment is effective, then good adherers in the treatment group should do better than poor ad- herers because they received more drug; the treatment group data follow a dose–response curve. But, good adherers to the placebo often do better than poor adherers, so the observed adherence–response in the treatment group cannot be completely attributed to the treatment. Efron and Feldman proposed an adjustment to the observed adherence–response in the treatment group by using the adherence–response in the control group. It relies on a percentile invariance assumption under which each participant's adherence percentile within their assigned treatment group does not depend on the assigned group (active drug or placebo). The Efron and Feldman approach is valid under percentile invariance, but not necessarily under departures from it. We propose an analysis based on a generalization of percentile invariance that allows adherence percentiles to be stochastically permuted across treatment groups, using a broad class of stochastic permutation models. We show that approximate maximum likelihood estimates of the underlying dose–response curve perform well when the stochastic permutation process is correctly specified and are quite robust to model misspecification.     

英语语用失误分析及对策

从分析语用失误的分类出发,着重分析了日常语用失误的成因,并着重探讨了在英语教学中,如何培养学生的语用能力及如何避免因文化差异而带来的跨文化语用失误,以期减少或防范跨文化交际中的语用失误。     

企业核心竞争力识别分析

竞争力培育与提升的前提是对企业的竞争力进行有效的识别。文章拟在评述已有企业竞争力识别理论前提下，以资源和能力作为研究变量，建立“资源-能力”企业竞争力识别模型，为企业竞争力的培育与提升提供易于操作的理论依据。     

Testing for ordered failure rates under general progressive censoring

For exponentially distributed failure times under general progressive censoring schemes, testing procedures for ordered failure rates are proposed using the likelihood ratio principle. Constrained maximum likelihood estimators of the failure rates are found. The asymptotic distributions of the test statistics are shown to be mixtures of chi-square distributions. When testing the equality of the failure rates, a simulation study shows that the proposed test with restricted alternative has improved power over the usual chi-square statistic with an unrestricted alternative. The proposed methods are illustrated using data of survival times of patients with squamous carcinoma of the oropharynx.     

论企业核心竞争力的源泉与培育途径

企业组织理论以市场为参照,从交易成本、委托—代理关系、风险分配等多个角度分析了企业组织的比较优势,力图解释企业存在的原因。如果将企业组织理论发掘的关于企业与市场比较优势的内容推广到比较不同企业之间的竞争优势上,就可以为企业核心竞争力的分析找到更坚实的理论基础和指标体系。通过梳理企业理论有关企业竞争力的论述,分析了企业核心竞争力的主要内容及其形成机理,探讨了培育企业核心竞争力的途径和方法。     

The Effects of a Creative Dance and Movement Program on the Social Competence of Head Start Preschoolers

The effects of an eight‐week instructional program in creative dance/movement on the social competence of low‐income preschool children were assessed in this study utilizing a scientifically rigorous design. Forty preschool children from a large Head Start program were randomly assigned to participate in either an experimental dance program or an attention control group. Teachers and parents, blind to the children's group membership, rated children's social competence both before and after the program, using English and Spanish versions of the Social Competence Behavior Evaluation: Preschool Edition. The results revealed significantly greater positive gains over time in the children's social competence and both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems for the experimental group compared with the control group. Small‐group creative dance instruction for at‐risk preschoolers appears to be an excellent mechanism for enhancing social competence and improving behavior. The implications for early childhood education and intervention are discussed.     

标准化测试对学生语言能力的影响

目前国内大学、中学的英语教学和测试中多采用标准化形式,其中有利也有弊。本文试图通过教学实践的总结对此问题进行初步探讨;通过对标准化形式之利与弊的分析,建议采用多种形式进行练习与测试,从提高学生的语言能力着眼,促进学生的英语水平的提高。     

A Bayesian method of sample size determination with practical applications

Summary.  The problem motivating the paper is the determination of sample size in clinical trials under normal likelihoods and at the substantive testing stage of a financial audit where normality is not an appropriate assumption. A combination of analytical and simulation-based techniques within the Bayesian framework is proposed. The framework accommodates two different prior distributions: one is the general purpose fitting prior distribution that is used in Bayesian analysis and the other is the expert subjective prior distribution, the sampling prior which is believed to generate the parameter values which in turn generate the data. We obtain many theoretical results and one key result is that typical non-informative prior distributions lead to very small sample sizes. In contrast, a very informative prior distribution may either lead to a very small or a very large sample size depending on the location of the centre of the prior distribution and the hypothesized value of the parameter. The methods that are developed are quite general and can be applied to other sample size determination problems. Some numerical illustrations which bring out many other aspects of the optimum sample size are given.