Staying well or burning out at work: Work characteristics and personal resources as long-term predictors

The aim of this longitudinal study was to recogmize the work characteristics and personal resourcesthat are associated with burnout symptoms in the long term. The empirical analyses are based onsample data (n = 174) from a larger survey in 1986 and from a 10-year follow up in 1776 conducted inan international industrial foresty enterprise. The participants were drawn from those worken inFinland, the home country of the enterprise, who responded to the questionnaires at both times. Theparticipants were classified into those having no burnout and those with serious burnout. In order tocompare the groups a multivariate analysis of variance and t-tests for two independent groups wereused. Four job-related and five organizational factors, 10 work environment hazards and threeindividual variables wereused as a predictors. Change variables were formed from the predictors. Allthe significant changes in work and personal resources during 10 years had shifted to the positivedirection in the no-bumout group, and to the negative direction in the serious burnout group.Discriminant analysis was used to identify linear combinations of quantitative predictor variables thatbest characterized the differences between the groups. Both the cross-sectional and the longitudinalpredictors showed that factors related to the social processes at work seem to be crucial to burnout. Ofthe individual resources, a strong sense of coherence seems to be of particular importance.     

Culturally Competent Social Work Practice with Veterans: An Overview of the U.S. Military

Despite social work's longstanding history of serving veterans, few resources support culturally competent practice with this population. If social workers are to serve veterans effectively and efficiently, a basic understanding of the U.S. military is essential. This article presents a basic overview of U.S. military including its structure and history, the propensity to enlist in the armed forces, culture, and training methods and objectives. With an understanding of these aspects of military service and continued effort to learn about their client's military experience, social workers will be prepared to provide culturally competent services consistent with the profession's values and ethics.     

分级指导式口语教学模式的实验报告

总结了目前口语教学的特点和趋势,同时对比澳大利亚口语教学的模式,指出现有的口语教学模式存在的问题,根据英语教学中的临近发展区的原则,提出了一种可行的教学模式,提供了该教学模式同传统的教学模式的对比实验,阐述了该教学模式的可行性和意义。     

信息社会的信息素质及教育

信息素质由敏锐的信息意识、较强的信息法律观、良好的信息道德和过硬的信息技能组成,信息素质的教育内容应包括信息法律教育、信息道德与网络道德教育、信息源教育,信息素质教育的对象应涉及信息管理者、教育工作者和信息用户。     

Accommodating stochastic departures from percentile invariance in causal models

Summary.  Consider a clinical trial in which participants are randomized to a single-dose treatment or a placebo control and assume that the adherence level is accurately recorded. If the treatment is effective, then good adherers in the treatment group should do better than poor ad- herers because they received more drug; the treatment group data follow a dose–response curve. But, good adherers to the placebo often do better than poor adherers, so the observed adherence–response in the treatment group cannot be completely attributed to the treatment. Efron and Feldman proposed an adjustment to the observed adherence–response in the treatment group by using the adherence–response in the control group. It relies on a percentile invariance assumption under which each participant's adherence percentile within their assigned treatment group does not depend on the assigned group (active drug or placebo). The Efron and Feldman approach is valid under percentile invariance, but not necessarily under departures from it. We propose an analysis based on a generalization of percentile invariance that allows adherence percentiles to be stochastically permuted across treatment groups, using a broad class of stochastic permutation models. We show that approximate maximum likelihood estimates of the underlying dose–response curve perform well when the stochastic permutation process is correctly specified and are quite robust to model misspecification.     

跨文化交际能力的培养与大学英语教学

在我国传统大学英语教学中,教与学往往只注重语言本身,而忽略了跨文化交际能力的培养。改变这一状况,可尝试从以下几个方面努力:选用既培养学生语言能力又培养学生语用能力的教材;转变教学观念,将文化教学融入到英语教学的各个环节中去;加强学生的课外学习以提高跨文化交际能力。     

英语语用失误分析及对策

从分析语用失误的分类出发,着重分析了日常语用失误的成因,并着重探讨了在英语教学中,如何培养学生的语用能力及如何避免因文化差异而带来的跨文化语用失误,以期减少或防范跨文化交际中的语用失误。     

从高校英语教学看学生外语语言能力和交际能力的培养

针对高校英语专业学生的英语学习实际情况,从语言能力和交际能力、外语能力的内涵、如何培养外语能力及外语能力培养的误区,综合论述了对外语能力培养尤其是适用于外贸英语专业学生语言能力培养的认识。     

外语教学词典中语法和话语信息解读

外语教学词典是针对外语学习的需要而编纂的 ,词条中蕴含着学生外语学习所必需的各类信息 ,了解词典的信息编排结构、正确地解读或掌握这些知识信息 ,对培养学生的外语交际能力十分有益。然而 ,调查显示大多数学生对选择词典比较盲目 (随大流 ) ,也不太了解词典的宏观和微观结构 ,无法有效地使用词典。本文就是针对这一问题 ,从教学词典中的语法信息和话语信息两个方面 ,谈谈如何利用词典帮助培养大学生的外语交际能力。     

词源研究的世纪展望：计算词源学

计算词源学是由词源学与计算机科学交叉而形成的一门边缘性学科,它是计算机语言学的一个分支。计算词源学的研究对象,是用计算机技术来实现对同源词的处理、研究,等等。计算词源学未来的可能应用领域有:类人语言机器人、类人语言机器人军队、认知科学、历史比较语言学、汉语母语教学、对外汉语教学等。