Convenience on the menu? A typological conceptualization of family food expenditures and food-related time patterns

One of the most fundamental, but also controversial, food trends of the past years is convenience food. This article investigates the underexplored relationship between the heterogeneity in (convenience) food consumption (a feature of a food culture’s cuisine) and meal patterns (characteristics of a food culture’s structure). This study hopes to illustrate that convenience food can be interpreted both as a means to maintain a food culture’s structure and as a means to overturn it. Latent Class Cluster Analysis is performed using data from the HBS 2005 survey on families’ food expenditures to conceptualize convenience-orientation and to examine the relationships with families’ meal behaviors. Whereas outsourcing cooking is most prevalent among single-person households; two-or more-person households are most likely to buy unprocessed and natural foods and to spend most time cooking and eating in. A higher consumption of convenience food is also more likely to affect individuals’ kitchen than table habits.     

浅谈对概念聚类AOI算法分析的改进

随着网络技术的发展,针对网络服务的攻击数量和严重程度显著提高,而这些报警数据大部分都是重复的、无效的。采用经典的面向属性的归纳（Attribute-Oriented Induction,AOI）算法进行概念聚类虽可以大幅度提高处理这些数据的工作量,然而在实际的工作中并不显得非常有效,本文就如何改进其算法作了说细的说明。     

A hard clustering approach to the part family formation problem

The part family problem in group technology can be stated as the problem of finding the best grouping of parts into families such that the parts within each family are as similar to each other as possible. In this paper, the part family formation problem is considered. The problem is cast into a hard clustering model, and the k-means algorithm is proposed for solving it. Preliminary computational experience on the algorithm is very encouraging and it shows that real-life problems of large sizes can efficiently be handled by this approach.     

论中国产业集群发展战略

培育和发展产业集群是提升区域竞争力的重要途径之一.作为一种特色经济,产业集群的竞争优势主要来源于其内生的集群经济效益.然而,目前中国的产业集群还主要依赖于低要素成本优势,发展层次低,缺乏持续竞争力.因此,要防范产业集群风险,避免产业集群走向衰退,关键是依靠自主创新和集群升级来提高其持续竞争力.从区域视角看,需要实施基于集群的区域竞争力提升战略,依靠培育产业集群来提升区域竞争力.     

Barriers and enablers to conducting cluster randomized control trials in hospitals: A theory-informed scoping review

BackgroundCluster randomized control trials (cRCTs) have unique challenges compared to single site trials with regards to conduct of the trial, and it is important to understand these barriers. The aim of this scoping review was to describe the current literature surrounding the implementation of the cRCTs in hospitals.MethodsThe search strategy was designed to identify literature relevant to conduct of cRCTs, with hospitals as the unit of randomization. Data was extracted and was mapped using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) as a codebook, which contains 39 constructs organized into five domains.ResultsTwenty-two articles met inclusion criteria and were included. 18 of 39 constructs of the CFIR were identified in coding, spanning four of the five domains. Barriers to the conduct of the trial were rarely reported as the main outcome of the study, and few details were included in the identified literature.ConclusionsThe review can provide guidance to future researchers planning cRCTs in hospitals. It also identified a large gap in reporting of conduct of these trials, demonstrating the need for a research agenda that further explores the barriers and facilitators, with the aim of garnering knowledge for improved guidance in the implementation.     

A Monte Carlo study of REML and robust rank-based analyses for the random intercept mixed model

Restricted maximum likelihood (REML) methods are traditionally used for analyzing mixed models. Based on a multivariate normal likelihood, these analyses are sensitive to outliers. Recently developed robust rank-based procedures offer a complete analysis of mixed model: estimation of fixed effects, standard errors, and estimation of variance components. The results of a large Monte Carlo study are presented, comparing these two analyses for many situations over multivariate normal and contaminated normal distributions. The rank-based analyses are much more powerful and efficient than the REML analyses over all non-normal situations, while losing little power for normal errors.     

On the use and evaluation of prospective scan methods for health-related surveillance

Summary.  We review some prospective scan-based methods that are used in health-related applications to detect increased rates of mortality or morbidity and to detect bioterrorism or active clusters of disease. We relate these methods to the use of the moving average chart in industrial applications. Issues that are related to the performance evaluation of spatiotemporal scan-based methods are discussed. In particular we clarify the definition of a recurrence interval and demonstrate that this measure does not reflect some important aspects of the statistical performance of scan-based, and other, surveillance methods. Some research needs in this area are given.     

A new fuzzy-c-means and assignment technique-based cell formation algorithm to perform part- type clusters and machine-type clusters separately

The incorporation of fuzziness in the cell formation problem by Chu and Hayya (1991 International Journal of Production Research, 29, 1475-1487) is a notable contribution, in which non-binary classification logic is used. However, despite this development, numerical illustrations performed in this research demonstrate that the Chu and Hayya approach can result in solutions with empty party-type cluster(s) and/or empty machine-type cluster(s). Further, it is noted that solutions based on the Chu and Hayya approach can contain non-empty part-type cluster(s) being assigned to empty machine-type cluster(s) and vice versa. Three strategies are offered in this research to overcome these inadequacies: the separate formation of part-type and machine-type clusters; modification of the stopping criterion; and the adoption of the assignment technique in the formation of the final manufacturing cell solutions. A new algorithm has resulted from these modifications and has been rigorously compared to the performance of the Chu and Hayya approach. In general, the new algorithm demonstrates superiorities in global efficiency and in generating feasible party-type clusters, machine-type clusters and manufacturing cells.     

世界各国预期寿命差异及影响因素定量分析

目前世界各国平均预期寿命的地区差异显著,不仅平均预期寿命高低悬殊,而且两性差正负不同,并呈"富国寿长、穷国命短"两极分布。通过因子分析发现,医疗文卫因素、政府投入因素和伤害归因因素是造成平均预期寿命地区差异显著的主要原因。通过聚类分析将世界各国分成了三大类地区,验证了上述因子对三类地区影响是显著的。最后指出,大力发展经济、加快城市化进程、改善医疗卫生条件、降低婴儿死亡率和传染性疾病死亡率是缩小世界各国平均预期寿命地区差异的有效路径。     

我国企业集群技术创新战略研究

集群经济特别是企业集群已经成为当今世界经济的一个重要特点,这不仅表现在它对企业竞争优势塑造所起到的日益重要的作用,而且在根本上改变了某一具体企业在产业内、产业间的生存环境和运营状态。本文以现有已经发展相对成熟的相关理论为基础,结合国内外相关研究成果,分析了我国企业集群技术创新的现状,并对现有理论进行了一定程度的补充。