《本草纲目》草部类药名复音词汇隐喻命名始源域研究

《本草纲目》药名复音词汇的隐喻命名涉及到认知主体的各个认知域,尤其是草部类药名词汇的隐喻命名具有典型性。文章根据认知语言学的相关理论考察草部类药名复音词语的认知域（始源域）特征,分析各个认知域的使用频率,构建隐喻命名形成的等级范畴次序。     

Adult-child activities and child development outcomes in developing countries: an empirical investigation in Thailand

ABSTRACT

Is doing activities with young children important for their development? This study aims to examine the effects of adult-child activities on cognitive and non-cognitive development in pre-school children in developing countries by using Thailand as a case study. The adult-child activities of interest are reading, storytelling, singing, outings, and playing. Using national representative secondary data on children aged 3–4 years from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS4) of Thailand, our results show that while the level of children‘s participation in these activities is relatively high compared to other developing countries, the proportion of children with “normal” cognitive and non-cognitive development is still low. We find that only singing, outings, and playing have positive statistical effects for children who live with both parents (with playing having the highest positive effect), but for children who do not live with both parents or live with others, the positive effect remains only for singing. On the other hand, storytelling, singing, and outings seems to have statistically significant positive effects for non-cognitive outcomes among children who live with both parents (with outings having the highest positive effect). No activities have statistically significant effects on non-cognitive development of children who do not live with both parents. The recommendations call for greater attention on advocating adult-child activities in the context of developing countries.     

拓展历史认知语言学研究新视野的工具——美语历史语料库(COHA)的应用

近20年来多年来,200多年前开创的历史语言学和现代认知语言学逐渐开始融合诞生了历史认知语言学。认知语言学有“基于用法的模式”来研究语言事实背后的理据性的传统,这使历史认知语言学就有与语料库语言学结合的天然优势来观察相关语言现象和语言结构的历史变化过程、追寻其历史变化事实背后的内在规律。文章以具体的实例分别详细说明了COHA在对美语词汇、形态、句法、语义到文化方面的作用,这些实例说明COHA极大地拓展了历史认知语言学研究的新视野,也为历史认知语言学研究提供了强有力的工具保证。     

Identities in flux: Cognitive network activation in times of change

Using a dynamic cognitive model, we experimentally test two competing hypotheses that link identity and cognitive network activation during times of change. On one hand, affirming people’s sense of power might give them confidence to think beyond the densest subsections of their social networks. Alternatively, if such power affirmations conflict with people’s more stable status characteristics, this could create tension, deterring people from considering their networks’ diversity. We test these competing hypotheses experimentally by priming people at varying levels of status with power (high/low) and asking them to report their social networks. We show that confirming identity—not affirming power—cognitively prepares people to broaden their social networks when the world is changing around them. The emotional signature of having a confirmed identity is feeling comfortable and in control, which mediates network activation. We suggest that stable, confirmed identities are the foundation from which people can exhibit greater network responsiveness.     

消费者对食品安全信任影响因素的实证分析

综合认知和制度两个理论视角,发展了一个理论模型来解释消费者对食品安全信任的影响因素。模型假设个人特征因素(知识、经验和社会人口统计特征)和制度因素(对食品链相关主体信任和潜在惩罚力量)共同决定消费者对食品安全的信任。研究把食品分为生鲜食品和加工食品,利用来自北京市的1 165个消费者样本对模型进行检验。结构方程模型的结果显示,五个变量(经验、年龄、对政府信任、对生产商信任和潜在惩罚力量)与生鲜食品安全信任和加工食品安全信任都存在显著关系。此外,其他三个变量(知识、收入和对零售商信任)影响加工食品安全信任,但不影响生鲜食品安全信任。     

Understanding the Determinants of Service Channel Preference in the Early Stages of Adoption: A Social Cognitive Perspective on Online Brokerage Services*

In today's increasingly technology‐mediated world, individuals are often confronted with a decision of whether to obtain services through online, self‐service technologies or traditional, nontechnological alternatives. Understanding the mechanisms by which consumers choose among these competing service channels represents an important concern for organizations, consumers, and Web site designers. This study develops a research model based on Social Cognitive Theory to explain and predict service channel preferences that arise in the early stages of adoption, before a consumer conducts business using a particular channel. The model is subsequently tested in the brokerage services context, using observations obtained via survey. Given the growing popularity of online investing combined with the challenging prospect of making optimal decisions in an inherently risky environment, the context offers insights of practical and theoretical importance. The results suggest that task‐specific self‐efficacy beliefs serve as the activating mechanism kicking off a chain of psychological events that entice consumers to favor a particular service channel. Higher levels of self‐efficacy induce individuals to prefer the online approach. In addition to its direct effect on preference for the online service channel, higher levels of self‐efficacy influence one's propensity to take risks and expectations of performance‐oriented rewards, which, in turn, sway consumers to favor the online service channel. Furthermore, self‐efficacy and perceptions concerning the credibility of online information interact to affect service channel preference. Consumers are more likely to prefer the online service channel when they view themselves as capable and perceive online sources to be credible. Implications for theory and practice are discussed in light of the findings.     

陈述性知识的认知策略在语块记忆中的应用

在综合预制语块和认知策略的理论基础之上,从陈述性知识的认知策略入手,重点探讨了复述、精细加工及组织策略在语块记忆中的应用。     

英汉商标命名机制的认知语言学诠释

命名是人的心理现象,对商标命名机制的研究离不开对认知心理的解释。运用认知语言学有关隐喻和换喻的理论对英汉商标命名进行分析,发现二者存在很大程度上的共性：在“生产”理想认知模式中,命名者均采用了概念换喻,如“产地代产品”、“生产者代产品”等;在“广告”理想认知模式中,正是隐藏于消费者背后的概念换喻“抓”同商标词背后的概念隐喻“兴趣”之间的互动,使得广告中如此命名的商品具有吸引力,并最终导致消费者的购买。     

跨文化外语教学中的文化图式建构

文化图式是关于文化的背景知识结构块,在跨文化交际中起着重要作用.外语教学的根本目的是为了实现跨文化交际.外语教师应该在教学中注重文化教学,帮助学生建构、调整和丰富自己的文化图式,以提高跨文化交际能力.     

认知与自觉:一个西北乡村的环境抗争

环境抗争指环境或生态问题引发的维权行为,是与社会正义问题紧密关联的集体行为。在我国,环境抗争的行动者往往是环境污染或生态恶化的受害者。我国学者对环境抗争的分析常常落入一个实用理性的陷阱,即将分析焦点局限在索求经济或健康赔偿问题的表层,对环境抗争中的文化因素和文化力量不能做出深刻的解析。笔者使用＂生态认知革命＂及＂生态文化自觉＂两个理念,对我国西北地区一个村庄的环境抗争之原因、过程、结果予以描述和分析。特别指出,社会科学研究应充分考虑到地方性文化在环境抗争中的特殊意义及地方性文化与我国农民生态环境意识的连接。