Gender identity and lexical variation in social media

We present a study of the relationship between gender, linguistic style, and social networks, using a novel corpus of 14,000 Twitter users. Prior quantitative work on gender often treats this social variable as a female/male binary; we argue for a more nuanced approach. By clustering Twitter users, we find a natural decomposition of the dataset into various styles and topical interests. Many clusters have strong gender orientations, but their use of linguistic resources sometimes directly conflicts with the population‐level language statistics. We view these clusters as a more accurate reflection of the multifaceted nature of gendered language styles. Previous corpus‐based work has also had little to say about individuals whose linguistic styles defy population‐level gender patterns. To identify such individuals, we train a statistical classifier, and measure the classifier confidence for each individual in the dataset. Examining individuals whose language does not match the classifier's model for their gender, we find that they have social networks that include significantly fewer same‐gender social connections and that, in general, social network homophily is correlated with the use of same‐gender language markers. Pairing computational methods and social theory thus offers a new perspective on how gender emerges as individuals position themselves relative to audiences, topics, and mainstream gender norms.     

Televisual pregnancy beauty

Theorizing the contours of televisual pregnancy beauty, this essay demonstrates how televisual stylistics construct and communicate a political ideology of pregnancy. When the crime dramas Bones and In Plain Sight incorporated their star actors’ pregnancies, they produced different televisually styled portrayals of pregnancy; these medium-specific portrayals play an important role in how pregnancy itself is culturally conceptualized. Although pregnancy beauty, the commodification and sexual objectification of the pregnant and postpartum body, has been analyzed in ways that link it to post-industrial, neoliberal, capitalist, and patriarchal forces, this analysis demonstrates how televisual style sets the scene for this broader discourse. Specifically, I contend that the costuming, blocking and staging, cinematography, and editing determine how the pregnant body appears, and this then communicates a clear ideology to viewing audiences. Through these two case studies, I analyze contrasting televisual styles and argue that while Bones’ style disciplines the pregnant body and In Plain Sight’s style welcomes the pregnant body, both styles enact a televisual pregnancy beauty that commodifies pregnancy.     

汽车化的城市居民生活方式

汽车化引起城市居民生活方式的巨大变化,主要表现在居住方式、购物方式、出行方式、休闲方式四个方面。在我国汽车化迅猛发展之际,考察、分析和评价这些新的生活方式,有重要的现实意义。     

中国报告文学文体特性的历时考察

历时性考察中国报告文学文体特性的形成、变异和发展．可以见出报告文学文体特性由一些基本元素组成一定结构,其内涵在发展中相继呈现,其中有深化和丰富,也有异化和扭曲,似乎完成了一个“正-反-合”的过程。政治制导是报告文学文体特性发生偏离的最主要的原因。     

《二十四诗品》之典雅、清奇及其与孟浩然诗风

学术界一般认为《二十四诗品》（简称《诗品》）与孟浩然诗风关系密切。这是有道理的,但相关的具体论证还很不够。笔者以为,《诗品》中的《典雅》《清奇》二品与孟浩然诗风关系尤密。本文即先对《诗品》中《典雅》、《清奇》两品作具体研究,进而对孟氏诗风与此二品的关系作多方面的具体分析,从而对《诗品》与孟浩然诗风的密切关系予以确证。     

从跨体式新闻语言看新闻报道语言风格的形成

跨体式新闻语言是一种由不同语体标记相互渗透所形成的言语现象。特定社会的时代精神、文化心理、思维模式以及新闻记者的角色定位、受众的知识文化背景等语境因素,不但影响着跨体式新闻语言的生成,促使跨体式新闻语言生成某种特殊的修辞效果,而且还因该效果所呈现的风格色彩进一步影响到新闻报道语言风格的形成。     

Nonparametric control charts based on runs and Wilcoxon-type rank-sum statistics

In this article, we introduce three new distribution-free Shewhart-type control charts that exploit run and Wilcoxon-type rank-sum statistics to detect possible shifts of a monitored process. Exact formulae for the alarm rate, the run length distribution, and the average run length (ARL) are all derived. A key advantage of these charts is that, due to their nonparametric nature, the false alarm rate (FAR) and in-control run length distribution is the same for all continuous process distributions. Tables are provided for the implementation of the charts for some typical FAR values. Furthermore, a numerical study carried out reveals that the new charts are quite flexible and efficient in detecting shifts to Lehmann-type out-of-control situations.     

论鲁迅小说的非常规修辞艺术

鲁迅的小说集《呐喊》与《彷徨》是一部"语言的艺术作品"。作为语言艺术大师,鲁迅非常重视修辞,非常善于修辞。他的小说内蕴着伟大的精神、广播的知识和真知灼见,同时又体现了高超的修辞技巧和独特的语言风格。这主要体现在:丰富独创的辞格运用;古朴凝练的短句艺术;多彩精湛的语言变异艺术。     

Happiness is not Enough: Cognitive Judgements as Indicators of National Wellbeing

The European Social Survey, on which this issue of the journal focuses, is a 30-nation multi-funded survey series measuring attitude change. Started in 2001, it is characterised by unusually high standards of sampling and data equivalence. Its data are made available on-line with equal access to all, and have already attracted over 20,000 users. Many papers, articles and books based on the ESS have already appeared. But none has yet employed the data—whether alone or with other sources—to derive indicators of citizens’ cognitive judgements of their society. A recent EC grant is enabling the authors to fill this gap, covering topics such as trust in national institutions, tolerance, social cohesion, social trust and fear of crime. The aim is to be able to monitor changes over time in the distance between what citizens believe their society ought to be in these respects and how they actually perceive it to be.