Leadership efficacy: Review and future directions

The concept of leader efficacy has received relatively little attention in the leadership literature. This is somewhat surprising given that effective leadership requires high levels of agency (i.e., deliberately or intentionally exerting positive influence) and confidence. This review uses existing theory and research on leader efficacy as a point of departure for proposing an expanded and multi-level framework for understanding the domain of leadership efficacy that includes leader, follower, and collective efficacies. The primary goals are to provide a conceptual framework to stimulate future theory and research on building efficacious leadership and to understand how such leadership develops and has implications for effective performance.     

合作学习的集体困境与解决策略——基于情境理论操作化的思考

情境学习理论提出"实践共同体"概念,关注群体学习互动如何置于复合的社会和文化环境当中。但是,当群体互动概念应用于中国本土的团队实践之时,却遭遇集体行动的困境。为此,笔者尝试提出回归教师权威和重建小组认同的两种修正路径,以探讨摆脱困境的操作策略。     

近郊集体所有制土地产权换股权试点方案研究

随着城市化的不断推进,部分农村集体土地被转换为城市建设用地。涉及城市化的农村居民理应分享到土地资源优化配置的财富性收益,同时完成农民到市民的身份转换。上海近郊在城市化过程中对建设用地的需求越来越大,经济发展和保护农民合法权益是必须处理好的一对重要关系。从现有经验看,集体所有制土地产权换股权是合理利用、优化配置郊区集体所有制土地,协调好产业发展与农民权益保障的有效改革路径,也是上海实现包容性城市化发展、消除新二元结构的重要制度创新。     

集体记忆：主题拓展与研究展望

集体记忆是一个重要的社会课题,已经有学者在关注和研究它。在未来的集体记忆研究中需要重视主题领域的拓展,应该在宏观层面上重视社会变迁对不同群体集体记忆现象的影响关系,尤其是重视国际化的政治经济联盟、民族争斗、国内文化变迁导致的新群体和边缘群体的集体记忆特点;在微观层次上要超越以往研究的限制和藩篱,在研究主题、视角、方法以及理论建构方面取得更大的突破,促进集体记忆研究的完善和体系化。     

Organizational Elaboration as Social Movement Tactic: A Case Study of Strategic Leadership in the first US School-sponsored Program for Gay and Lesbian Youth

This research contributes to our understanding of two central and related problems in the study of social movements: tactical innovation and strategic leadership. Focusing on the leadership history (1984–2003) of the founder and director of the first US public school program for gay and lesbian youth, called Project 10 and located in the Los Angeles, California public school system, this case study illustrates the importance of leadership agency on the part of those ‘organizing from within’. Analyses herein indicate the significance of both institutional constraints and life course circumstances in determining leadership choices. This paper maps organizational obstacles and the tactical dilemmas they produced to explain how successful strategic choices get made. The case of Project 10 indicates that institutional constraints can be overcome tactically with organizational elaboration. Additionally, hybridity, assumed in the literature to produce organizational precariousness, is shown here to be a mechanism for stability, facilitating networks and resource acquisition over time.     

Social Movements and Europeanization Processes: The Case of the French Associations Mobilizing around the Asylum Issue

This paper seeks to analyse the process of Europeanization of social movements mobilizing around the asylum policy since the middle of the 1990s. Taking the example of the principal French associations which have mobilized on this topic, the paper explores the dynamics that lead these associations to increasingly address the European institutions since the launching of the process of harmonisation of asylum policies. In particular, it shows that particular attention shall be given to the relationship between the associations that have constituted at the national level and the set of actors that are mobilized on this issue exclusively at the European level (which is defined as a European advocacy coalition). Through the analysis of this relationship, it can be seen that the French associations follow different processes of Europeanization. Some follow a process of inclusion into the existing European advocacy coalition while others create alternative mobilizations at the European level. This study allows us to observe and to analyse the similarities and differences in the interactions between social movements and institutions in the national political space and in the European political space on this particular issue. In doing so, it seeks to present an original perspective on a process of ‘Europeanization from below’. This research is based on the in-depth analysis of 11 associations which are representative of the diversity of the movement related to the asylum issue in France. It uses different methods that were developed in social movements studies: frame analysis, protest-event analysis and network analysis. It is based on several sources: associative discourses and publications, in-depth interviews, and associative internal literature.     

法学视角下集体行动的概念与性质辨析

由于"群体性事件"概念不能蕴含现实中存在的群体性冲突的维权属性,具有内在缺陷。以"集体行动"概念指称这类群体性冲突,可以涵盖它的维权特性,弥补上述不足。从法学视角来看,集体行动是公民行使联合行动权利,维护自身生存权利、经济权利和民主权利的法律行为,它是公民宪法权利行使和人自我发展价值追求的体现,具有宪法上的渊源和伦理正当性。     

朱子《中庸辑略》芟节石《中庸集解》原本条目考

<中庸辑略>系朱子删定石(敦山)<中庸集解>而成,原本辑录的十先生<中庸>说被芟节多达134条,比例几近30%.经此"再造"的版本异同,固已不同于一般而论的版本文字差异,而宜视作删订者的主观故意行为.本文采用文献考证、数量统计等方法,结合整体考察和个案分析,揭示朱子芟节的"义例"及其潜在的诠释意图,并将此置于朱子学术思想的发展环节来试作讨论.     

Improving the measurement of child welfare in the context of intra-household inequality

This study aims to illustrate how to improve the evaluation of child economic well-being and child poverty using the collective approach. International organisations such as the World Bank, OECD and UNICEF have made important efforts in recent years to produce reliable data and to measure poverty according to the most relevant items of household consumption baskets. However, when measuring poverty, it is common practice to assume either that resources are distributed equally within the household or that there are fixed equivalence scales (for example, a child can be counted as 0.5 adults). The methodology based on collective models of consumption overcomes this rigidity by allowing inequality within each household to be taken into account. The method assumes that each household devotes a fraction of resources to children, which can be estimated using the observed expenditure on child-exclusive goods. An example of how child poverty measures can be inaccurately estimated is illustrated through the case of young children in Albania.     

农村集体资产管理若干问题研究

以农村集体资产的相关法律问题为研究视角,围绕农村集体资产的管理主体、成员资格、收益分配、财产处置、管理体制等问题开展研究,并提出有关建议和对策,以资引起有关方面对农村集体资产管理问题的重视。