Understanding vaccine knowledge,attitudes, and decision-making through college student interviews

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to explore knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about vaccines required for college-entry and vaccine-related behaviors among college students. Participants: Thirty-three full-time undergraduate students, ≥ 18 years old, enrolled at public (2) and private (3) colleges and universities in metropolitan Philadelphia in fall 2016. Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews, which were double-coded with 5,015 comments overall and 99.3% intercoder reliability (κ?=?0.779) using NVivo 11 software. Results: Six key themes emerged: (1) low knowledge about vaccines and requirements; (2) mixed attitudes about required vs. recommended vaccines; (3) high trust in medical professionals; (4) low perceived risk for vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks; (5) substantial parental influence on students’ decision-making; and (6) low utilization of Student Health Services. Conclusions: This study revealed lack of knowledge about and low prioritization of vaccination despite overall positive attitudes towards vaccines. Prematriculation education of college students is critical to increasing vaccine knowledge and use.     

Teachers,Schools, and Academic Achievement

This paper disentangles the impact of schools and teachers in influencing achievement with special attention given to the potential problems of omitted or mismeasured variables and of student and school selection. Unique matched panel data from the UTD Texas Schools Project permit the identification of teacher quality based on student performance along with the impact of specific, measured components of teachers and schools. Semiparametric lower bound estimates of the variance in teacher quality based entirely on within‐school heterogeneity indicate that teachers have powerful effects on reading and mathematics achievement, though little of the variation in teacher quality is explained by observable characteristics such as education or experience. The results suggest that the effects of a costly ten student reduction in class size are smaller than the benefit of moving one standard deviation up the teacher quality distribution, highlighting the importance of teacher effectiveness in the determination of school quality.     

A hazard model of the probability of medical school drop-out in the UK

Summary.  From individual level longitudinal data for two entire cohorts of medical students in UK universities, we use multilevel models to analyse the probability that an individual student will drop out of medical school. We find that academic preparedness—both in terms of previous subjects studied and levels of attainment therein—is the major influence on withdrawal by medical students. Additionally, males and more mature students are more likely to withdraw than females or younger students respectively. We find evidence that the factors influencing the decision to transfer course differ from those affecting the decision to drop out for other reasons.     

主体创造性视域下大学生创业教育探析

主体创造性指主体在创新意识的驱动下能动地改造客观世界的过程。创业教育以培养创新意识和实践能力为主,从主体创造性上讲就是通过教育使主体将创新意识通过行动物化即现实化,进而转化为生产力的过程。据此探析大学生创业教育思想、内容设计、途径方法及模式确立。     

浅析现阶段大学生消费的特征与问题

对山西大学、山西医科大学、太原理工大学等十所高校的调查结果显示,大学生消费面临着极大的挑战,存在着消费行为不合理、总体理财能力差等问题,总体呈现出消费水平不平衡、消费内容多样性、消费心理差异性、消费行为复杂性的特征,大学生消费中的问题不容忽视。     

关于高校班级文化建设的思考

高校班级文化建设是班级建设的重要组成部分,文章阐述了高校班级文化建设的内容,在分析案例的基础上,指出了目前高校班级文化建设中出现的诸如班级物质文化建设局限在具体寝室事务管理、缺乏规范的班级管理制度等问题,提出了加强宿舍文化建设、健全班级管理制度、发挥辅导员作用等几点建议,旨在搞好高校班级文化建设。     

英汉句法对比分析对大学英语写作教学的启示

英语写作是大学生必须要掌握的一项重要语言技能,但是英语写作能力的提高却是大学英语写作教学以及学生英语学习中的一大难点。在大学英语写作教学中,加强英汉句法对比分析,能帮助学生克服母语干扰,培养学生对英汉语言的差异意识,提高英语写作水平。基于英汉句法差异上的比较,来探讨英汉句法对比分析对大学英语写作教学的几点启示。     

大学生村官对新农村建设的影响研究

基于长沙市农村地区大学生村官的问卷调查,研究了大学生村官对新农村建设的影响。研究显示,大学生村官在新农村经济建设、政治建设、社会建设、文化建设等方面发挥了较大影响。为充分发挥大学生村官的作用,政府应该健全大学生村官的保障体系,完善大学生村官的退出机制。     

搞好大学英语课堂教学提高大学英语教学质量

众所周知,英语是目前国际上应用最广的语言,搞好大学英语教学对加快我们国家的发展步伐有着十分重大的意义。尽管这些年来涌现了不少新的教学方法和理论,大学英语教育的“一言堂”、“事倍功半”、“哑巴英语”的状况有所改善,但还是存在不少问题。本文着重讨论的是,在大学英语教学中要注意避免哪些问题以及如何解决这些问题。     

边远民族地区高校非专业大学英语教学环境的哲学分析

马克思主义哲学认为世界上一切事物和现象之间以及构成事物的诸要素之间存在着相互依赖、相互影响和相互作用。这种联系的观点同样适用于我国的大学英语教学。大学英语教学本身并不是孤立的,它的开展离不开一定的教学环境,教学环境是否有利于大学英语教学会直接影响大学英语的教学效果。改善和创设有利的校园环境和课堂环境是边远民族地区高校推进非专业大学英语教学改革、提高大学英语教学质量的重要途径。