Educated Caring: The Emergence of Professional Identity Among Nurses

This article examines the formation of occupational identity in a nursing program. The normative and ideological dimensions of this process are revealed in the program’s goals and the views of educators and students through qualitative data from observations and 30 in-depth interviews. Educators seek to socialize students toward professionalism to raise the occupation’s status by emphasizing the scientific and technical basis of nursing. Yet students uphold a gendered discourse by identifying a normative dimension of caring as central to their occupational identity. The dilemma between professionalism and caring is reconciled as students construct an occupational identity based on “educated caring,” where these two dimensions are equally valuable and significant.

Assessing the Playing Field: A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Internet Sports Gambling Behavior

Internet gambling is growing rapidly, as is concern about its possible effect on the public’s health. This paper reports the results of the first prospective longitudinal study of actual Internet sports gambling behavior during eight study months. Data include recorded fixed-odds bets on the outcome of sporting contests and live-action bets on the outcome of events within contests for 40,499 Internet sports gambling service subscribers who enrolled during February 2005. We tracked the following primary gambling behaviors: daily totals of the number of bets made, money bet, and money won. We transformed these variables into measures of gambling involvement. We analyzed behavior for both fixed-odds and live-action bets. The median betting behavior of the 39,719 fixed-odds bettors was to place 2.5 bets of €4 (approximately $5.3 US) every fourth day during the median 4 months from first to last bet. This typical pattern incurred a loss of 29% of the amount wagered. The median betting behavior of the 24,794 live-action bettors was to place 2.8 wagers of €4 every fourth day during the median duration of 6 weeks at a loss of 18% of the amount wagered. We also examined the behavior of empirically determined groups of heavily involved bettors whose activity exceeded that of 99% of the sample.     

“两伊问题”困扰中的美国海湾战略选择

伊战后,美国的海湾战略屡屡受挫,在中东面临危机多元化和扩散化的严重挑战。在伊拉克陷阱和伊朗核问题的双重困扰下,小布什政府及其后任可能的战略选择包括坚持原有“主导和预防行动”、采取“崩溃预防型”、恢复“稳定、威慑和遏制”、考虑“合作型秩序”等。但除非美国放弃独家主导海湾的霸权战略并调整其战略目标,否则难以在“支配”海湾地区和摆脱困境之间找到两全出路。     

The development of social work education in Russia since 1995

This article presents the findings of a four-year survey on the development of social work education in Russia from 1995 to the present day. Through a series of questionnaires, interviews and discussions with Russian academics, practitioners and students, the study looks at a variety of issues including the high rate of attrition. It focuses on aspects of students’ practice placements such as the type, length and quality of practice placements, the students’ workload and the supervision provided. It also looks at the contribution that international collaboration has made to the development of social work education in Russia.

The survey concludes that there is a need to enhance the overall package for social workers and raise the status of the profession in order to retain qualified personnel. Longer practice placements which start in the first year and are adequately funded and supervised are seen as the key to retaining new graduates. It concludes that although international projects have made a difference to those participating at the time, it is difficult to disseminate these benefits beyond the immediate region. Now that international funding to Russia has been reduced it is critical that any remaining funding is accurately targeted and properly coordinated.     

试析中国与沙特阿拉伯的石油合作

沙特阿拉伯是世界第一大原油生产国和出口国,中国是世界第二大石油消费国和消费量增长最快的石油进口国.沙特需要为其巨大的能源储量寻找新的市场,中国需要海外能源满足经济增长的需要.因此,两国在能源领域存在着相互依赖关系.正是这种相互依赖关系推动着中沙关系的稳步发展,本文力图运用政治经济学的分析法对中沙石油合作做出理性分析与判断.     

试论毛泽东关于农民问题的论述对新农村建设的启迪

毛泽东关于农民问题的论述科学地回答了农民在革命和建设中的地位与作用、农民的局限性以及对待农民问题的科学态度和政策等一系列基本问题,形成了一个完备的思想理论体系.在当今构建社会主义和谐社会的历史条件下,我们要认真坚持和发展毛泽东关于农民问题的思想理论,充分发挥农民的主体作用、积极维护和实现农民的经济利益和政治利益,全面提升农民的综合素质,培养社会主义新型农民,不断促进社会主义新农村建设.     

文学理论体系观的先行审视与确立

在建构任何理论体系和批判任何理论体系之前,我们最首要的任务就是确立明确的、合理的理论体系观。理论体系当有恰当的定位。理论体系当追求必要的明晰性、确定性。理论体系是不断发展的,对其效用当有正确认识。应当树立开放的理论体系观。     

金文"楚化"及其书史意义

作为上古楚人的官书,楚金文的出现是楚人以自己地域文化的审美眼光对宗周金文进行“楚化”的结果。金文的“楚化”不仅表现在用笔、结体及构字法的变化上,而且还表现在楚人对大篆字体的变形、草化和装饰美化方面。“楚化”使金文具有了鲜明的地域性、装饰性、抒情性等特点,也强化了书法的书写意趣和笔致韵味,极大地丰富了金文的表现形态和审美趣味,为汉字走上艺术化道路迈开了决定性的一步。     

"四维"与"五德"历久弥新的中华传统荣辱观

荣辱观念古来有之,古代思想家历来十分重视荣辱观念。先秦诸子的“四维”(礼、义、廉、耻)与“五德”(仁、义、礼、智、信),就是中华传统“知荣明耻”的试金石。     

论老舍早期对文学理论现代性的探求

老舍在1930年代所写的《文学概论讲义》等理论著作中对文学理论现代性进行过深入而独到的探求。他强调文学理论的科学性,给中国古代“文说”正名;张扬文学价值的审美愉悦性,反对滥加“利用”文学;重视文学研究的内部研究,不满文学的外部研究;强调文学创作的创造性,批评文学摹仿说和复古调。