Safety Stock,Excess Capacity or Diversification: Trade‐Offs under Supply and Demand Uncertainty

Firms mitigate uncertainty in demand and supply by carrying safety stock, planning for excess capacity and diversifying supply sources. In this study, we provide a framework to jointly optimize these three levers in a periodic review infinite horizon setting, and in particular we examine how one can reduce inventory and capacity investments through proper diversification strategies. Observing that a modified base‐stock inventory policy is optimal, we find that the capacity‐diversification problem is well behaved and characterize the optimal mix of safety stock, excess capacity and extra number of supply sources. We find that higher supply uncertainty results in higher safety stock, more excess capacity, and higher diversification. But safety stock and diversification are non‐monotonic in demand uncertainty. Our results can be extended to situations in which suppliers are heterogeneous, and can be used to develop effective heuristics.     

论大学国际化对城市国际形象的提升作用--以常州大学的国际交流为例

大学的国际化发展与所在城市的国际形象存在着高度正相关性,对城市国际形象的塑造和推广发挥着积极的提升作用。大学可以通过教育国际交流的平台扩大城市的对外交往,为城市经济发展提供国际化的人才保障,在文化传承和跨文化交流中促进城市的人文环境建设,依托国际科研合作项目激发整体城市的科技创新活力。     

The influence of network structures of Wikipedia discussion pages on the efficiency of WikiProjects

As a platform for discussion and communication, talk pages play an essential role in Wikipedia to facilitate coordination, sharing of information and knowledge resources among Wikipedians. In this work we explore the influence of network structures of these pages on the efficiency of WikiProjects. Project efficiency is measured as the amount of work done by project members in a quarter. The study uses the comments on WikiProject talk pages to construct communication networks. The structural properties of these networks are studied using ideas from social network theory. We develop three hypotheses about how network structures influence project effectiveness and examine the hypotheses using a longitudinal dataset of 362 WikiProjects. The evaluation suggests that an intermediate level of cohesion with a core of influential users dominating network flow improves effectiveness for a WikiProject, and that greater average membership tenure relates to project efficiency in a positive way. We discuss the implications of this analysis for the future management of WikiProjects.     

Barriers to the Uptake of Emergency Accommodation by Young Runaways and Thrown‐out children and the Role of the ‘Transitional Person’

Young runaways and thrown‐out children, under‐16, face a number of barriers to accessing safe emergency accommodation. The need for such accommodation is not always apparent because children sometimes make themselves invisible to services through fear of being returned or fear of being removed from inappropriate accommodation. Young people's retrospective accounts of their experiences suggest the importance of a ‘transitional person’, an adult who has a pivotal role in trust‐building and who acts as a conduit to services and helps runaway and thrown‐out children overcome internal and external barriers to uptake of emergency accommodation.     

淮南市生态足迹现状及发展对策研究

为了掌握淮南市生态可持续发展的现状,并采取针对性的管控措施,促进淮南市生态经济可持续发展,采用生态足迹模型对淮南市生态足迹的现状进行了研究.研究表明:2014年淮南市人均生态足迹为3.336 226Ha,人均生态承载力为0.315 205Ha,人均生态赤字为3.021 021Ha,淮南市当前的生态经济发展处在不可持续状态;为促进淮南市经济社会的可持续发展,应采取转变能源消费模式,保护自然资源,提高各类资源的生产效率,引导资金合理流动等措施.     

周恩来保持党的纯洁性思想评析

周恩来保持党的纯洁性思想包含十分丰富的内容,其对保持党的纯洁性重要意义进行了详细阐释,对影响党的纯洁性的主要原因进行了深入分析,对保持党的纯洁性具体措施进行了充分论述,这些思想对新时期党的建设具有重要指导意义。     

Understanding sex: the right to legal capacity to consent to sex

This article addresses the right to legal capacity to consent to sex of people with intellectual disabilities. Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities guarantees the right to legal capacity on an equal basis in all areas of life. This article discusses sex as an area of life in which people with intellectual disabilities are frequently not being granted legal capacity on an equal basis. The article examines current capacity to consent to sex law in Ireland, England and Wales in light of Article 12. It proposes an ‘agreement model’ as a potential alternative that would be Article 12 compliant.     

Configuration of flexibility strategies under supply uncertainty

In this paper, we study a buyer׳s configuration of flexibility strategies under supply uncertainty. His main supplier׳s production process is uncertain, and he can either choose pricing flexibility (setting prices depending on the available supply) or operational flexibility (requesting a contingent order from a backup supplier). As the buyer may or may not find a suitable contingent supplier ex post, we study two scenarios that the backup supplier׳s supply is infinite, and that this supply is random. We also include the factor that the main supplier may determine the wholesale price. We demonstrate that the adoption of flexibility strategies is controlled by threshold policies in different scenarios whether the main supplier determines the wholesale price or not. We also investigate how the buyer׳s attribute (finding a suitable contingent supplier) affects the configuration of flexibility strategies.     

矩阵管理模式在高校图书馆阅读推广团队建设中的应用

矩阵管理是指为完成某项特定工作任务而形成的工作小组的管理模式。应用矩阵管理模式加强高校图书馆阅读推广团队建设,应注意把好团队负责人选择关,明确团队管理流程和成员的任务要求,注重各业务点的工作量均衡,促进各业务环节的配合,同时优化绩效评估方式,建立阅读推广活动评价和奖惩机制。