基于DEPA探究亚太地区数字贸易治理前景

随着全球数字贸易的迅猛发展,当前WTO多边框架下数字贸易规则存在缺失,使得数字贸易治理呈现出区域化趋势。为探究亚太地区数字贸易治理前景,预判亚太经济体参与数字贸易治理的可能路径,基于《数字经济伙伴关系协定》(DEPA),采用文献分析、规则文本对比、逻辑推演等研究方法,对亚太地区数字贸易治理的议题广度和深度、谈判模式、模块特征、关注焦点及竞争格局进行全面系统的分析研判。研究认为,未来亚太数字贸易治理主要呈现以下趋向:数字贸易治理将涵盖更多新兴技术领域,传统议题也会趋于更高标准; 专门协定的高效率将驱使数字贸易议题逐渐与传统议题相剥离,协定的框架形式也将采取开放、灵活、包容的“主题模块”形式。数字包容性发展、数字便利化等议题将是亚太数字贸易治理的焦点议题; 亚太数字贸易治理的大国博弈将以中美两国为中心,中小经济体也会以“联合抱团”来争取某些议题的话语权。     

Circuit optimization via sequential computer experiments: design of an output buffer

In electrical engineering, circuit designs are now often optimized via circuit simulation computer models. Typically, many response variables characterize the circuit's performance. Each response is a function of many input variables, including factors that can be set in the engineering design and noise factors representing manufacturing conditions. We describe a modelling approach which is appropriate for the simulator's deterministic input–output relationships. Non-linearities and interactions are identified without explicit assumptions about the functional form. These models lead to predictors to guide the reduction of the ranges of the designable factors in a sequence of experiments. Ultimately, the predictors are used to optimize the engineering design. We also show how a visualization of the fitted relationships facilitates an understanding of the engineering trade-offs between responses. The example used to demonstrate these methods, the design of a buffer circuit, has multiple targets for the responses, representing different trade-offs between the key performance measures.     

Three pseudo-paradoxes in ‘quantum’ decision theory: Apparent effects of observation on probability and utility

In quantum domains, the measurement (or observation) of one of a pair of complementary variables introduces an unavoidable uncertainty in the value of that variable's complement. Such uncertainties are negligible in Newtonian worlds, where observations can be made without appreciably disturbing the observed system. Hence, one would not expect that an observation of a non-quantum probabilistic outcome could affect a probability distribution over subsequently possible states, in a way that would conflict with classical probability calculations. This paper examines three problems in which observations appear to affect the probabilities and expected utilities of subsequent outcomes, in ways which may appear paradoxical. Deeper analysis of these problems reveals that the anomalies arise, not from paradox, but rather from faulty inferences drawn from the observations themselves. Thus the notion of quantum decision theory is disparaged.     

吸收能力、研发合作创新激励与补贴政策

本文在前人的研究基础上建立了一个具有吸收能力的非合作研究与发展博弈模型,比较了有和没有吸收能力情况下的R&D投资影响,结果表明有吸收能力的企业R&D投资要更高,接着探讨了产品替代与互补关系下的技术溢出选择对产业的影响和社会最优选择的R&D投资水平及其补贴激励政策。     

协调产品战略关系的企业兼并研究

本文在产品战略关系内生的基础上,研究了企业兼并所产生的社会效应;通过一个四企业在两市场上竞争模型对企业为获得产品协同的兼并动机进行了分析,结果表明:在本文的假设条件下,当企业兼并存在产品协同效应时,普遍存在兼并动机。     

同类异质产品市场博弈Nash均衡最优策略模型

本文按照Nash均衡解的要求,建立同类异质产品市场用户需求分布及效用结构模型,导出不同定位的企业所实施竞争策略的若干最优条件,通过计算不同策略设计下产品相应的临界功能效用值,参与竞争的企业可找到适合于市场需求的最优决策。     

TOT项目融资中国有资产转让定价的博弈分析

本文以TOT项目融资方式为对象,运用博弈的方法,从合理分配国有资产经营期内增值收入的角度出发,得出这样的结论,在国有资产转让过程中,政府与私营资本之间的谈判是一系列复杂的博弈过程,在博弈中政府的最优行为是对国有资产转让进行招标,同时给予某一招标企业一定的中标优先权,这样政府能够较现行的国有资产转让方式获得更多的收益.     

我国上市公司独立审计质量的博弈模型刻画及其分析

本文分析了我国上市公司独立审计中会计师事务所、公司管理当局、独立董事、监管部门在审计行为中的博弈关系,应用博弈经济理论研究了在信息不对称条件下四方互动博弈策略的选择,并针对多方博弈的影响因素提出了提高独立审计质量的策略,以期对改进我国上市公司独立审计质量有所裨益.     

面向网络营销企业的营销信号选择博弈分析

如何通过营销信号来降低电子市场逆向选择风险是影响网络营销企业业绩的重要因素.本文以两家企业垄断市场为例,建立了企业信号传递博弈模型.通过对分离均衡与混同均衡存在条件的分析,讨论了信号传递成本以及不同消费者群体所占比例对企业营销信号决策的影响.分析结果有助于网络营销企业在电子市场中选择营销信号.     

基于混合智能算法的电子市场供应链期权合同协调

在电子市场环境下,考虑了需求、市场价格和市场准入程度的随机性,基于Stack-erlberg主从对策,建立了供应链期权合同协调的随机期望值模型。在这一主从对策模型中,主方供应商的目标函数是预期利润,决策变量是期权合同预订费用和执行费用;从方分销商的目标函数是预期利润,决策变量是订货量。应用包括随机模拟、人工神经元网络和遗传算法组成的混合智能算法求解该主从对策问题。最后,结合上海宝钢集团益昌公司电子商务的运作实例,运用混合智能算法进行了仿真计算与分析。