精神家园的迷失：远离自然的儿童游戏--基于柳溪村儿童游戏的田野调查

在幼儿游戏方面,柳溪村幼儿班里年纪较小的孩子们在幼师和家长的视野之外,建构了独立自由的游戏空间,从而区隔了课上与课下的二元游戏界限———唯有在课下“真空”的游戏场域中,孩子们的游戏精神方能发挥到淋漓尽致。但从乡村儿童总体的游戏情形来看：传统的儿童游戏几近衰落,手工制作玩具濒临失传。这些伴随电子游戏成长起来的乡村儿童,面临着比城市儿童更严重的电视依赖,他们游戏的性质经历了从亲近自然到远离自然、从手工创意制作到购买廉价玩具、从群体嬉戏到个体自娱、从动态游戏到静态娱乐的异化过程。     

Some modifications of levene's test of variance homogeneity

Various modifications of Levene's test of homogeneity of variance are proposed and evaluated, including the use of (i) Satterthwaite's method for correcting degrees of freedom, (ii) data-based power transformations, and (iii) computer simulation. Satterthwaite's correction is shown to be effective in controlling the slightly liberal behaviour of Levene's test in small samples. The use of power transformation turns out to make the test extremely liberal and is not recommended. Modifications which employ computer simulation are exact under normality, and one version, at least, is asymptotically robust of nonnormality. They also posses excellent small-sample properties.     

合作新产品开发资金及知识投入决策研究

针对现有对合作新产品开发投入的研究常常忽略投入资源的多样性,考虑同时投入知识和资金的情况下,合作参与者的最优投入决策问题． 通过构建 Stackelberg 博弈模型,分别讨论了只有资金投入和同时含有资金与知识投入时,领导者和跟随者的投入情况,并对比研究了两种情况下合作双方投入决策的异同． 研究表明: 不同资源投入时,合作形成条件亦不相同,即只有在领导者收益比例更大时,领导者才可能考虑资金和知识的同时投入; 通过改变资金投入量、知识投入量和研发努力程度,可调整知识溢出水平以促使合作开发成功．     

高校园区实验室资源共享的演化博弈与策略分析

高校园区实验室资源共享对于实现园区内资源合理配置、减少资源浪费和提高设备利用率具有重要的意义。应用演化博弈理论,构建了高校园区实验室资源共享的演化博弈模型,并分析资源共享的动态演化过程和共享联盟形成的条件,在此基础上,通过系统分析,认为增加前期投入、建立合理的利益分配和补偿机制、达成长期互惠合作这三个策略,有利于高校园区实验室资源共享联盟的实现和稳定运行。     

“范式”与“语言游戏规则”——库恩科学革命理论与卡尔一奥托·阿佩尔先验语用学比较研究

库恩和阿佩尔都重视规则或规范在科学研究中的作用,强调共同体是科学家的研究和解释学家的语言交往得以顺利进行的前提条件。他们的哲学主张都倡导了西方科学主义思潮与人本主义思潮的对话与交流。但他们对于规则或规范、科学家共同体或语言交往共同体的主张是不同的,这导致了他们对于真理问题的不同看法,库恩在真理问题上持相对主义的立场,而阿佩尔则主张终极奠基的原则。     

Existence and Uniqueness of Maximal Reductions Under Iterated Strict Dominance

Iterated elimination of strictly dominated strategies is an order dependent procedure. It can also generate spurious Nash equilibria, fail to converge in countable steps, or converge to empty strategy sets. If best replies are well–defined, then spurious Nash equilibria cannot appear; if strategy spaces are compact and payoff functions are uppersemicontinuous in own strategies, then order does not matter; if strategy sets are compact and payoff functions are continuous in all strategies, then a unique and nonempty maximal reduction exists. These positive results extend neither to the better–reply secure games for which Reny has established the existence of a Nash equilibrium, nor to games in which (under iterated eliminations) any dominated strategy has an undominated dominator.     

龙头企业与农户的联结模式及利益实现

推动农业产业化经营,提高我国农业的国际竞争力,是现阶段的一个重大课题。建立合理的利益联结机制,是实现农业产业化经营的核心内容。以涪陵榨菜产业为对象,从交易费用理论、契约理论和现代产业组织理论三个视角对榨菜加工企业与菜农利益联结进行竞合博弈分析。不同利益联结模式中榨菜加工企业与菜农利益实现情况不同,二者之间的利益关系会倾向于向紧密性的企业化、股份式或股份合作式利益联结模式发展。     

Effects of Information Sequence and Irrelevant Distractor Information When Using a Computer‐based Decision Aid*

Computer‐based decision aids are intended to support and improve human judgments. Frequently, the largest portion of the design effort is devoted to the technical aspects of the system; behavioral aspects are often overlooked. As a result, the decision aid may be ineffective. An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of two information structure variables that theoretically affect judgments: information sequence and irrelevant distractor information. Auditor subjects made continuing existence judgments for client‐banks after interacting with one of four alternative decision aids. The decision aids are modifications of a system developed by an international CPA firm. Judgments were predicted to be more accurate when: (1) diagnostic information is presented late rather than early in the information sequence and (2) when no irrelevant distractor information is presented. Further, judgment confidence was predicted to be unrelated to either information sequence or irrelevant distractor information. The experimental data support all three predictions.     

New Product Development Decision‐Making Effectiveness: Comparing Individuals,Face‐To‐Face Teams,and Virtual Teams*

A total of 411 subjects participated in two decision‐making experiments in order to examine the effectiveness of new product development project continuation decisions. Using escalation of commitment theory, in Study 1, individual versus face‐to‐face team decision‐making effectiveness was compared. Study 2, an extension of Study 1, compared the new product development decision‐making effectiveness of individuals, face‐to‐face teams, and virtual teams. A virtual team is a geographically and temporally dispersed and electronically communicating work group. In Study 2, the virtual teams communicated asynchronously via groupware technology. Our findings suggest that teams make more effective decisions than individuals, and virtual teams make the most effective decisions.     

基于属性组合特征的网络游戏装备定价模型构建——以盛大游戏“冒险岛”为例

针对网络游戏装备定价问题,以盛大网游“冒险岛”为例,采用主成分分析法和回归分析法,对游戏装备价格与其属性特征之间的关系展开研究,提出了基于属性组合特征的网络游戏装备定价模型? 研究结果表明,网络游戏装备价格可以由装备属性特性来确定,装备的属性组合特征对其价格有正向影响,且该定价模型可以较好评估游戏装备价值? 该模型的应用将有助于提高我国游戏市场效率,增加市场交易额,推动我国游戏产业的进一步发展?