农村宅基地流转中的价值冲突与公平性考察

围绕着农村宅基地能否流转的问题,我国出现了理论与现实、应然与实然、立法与政策的多重价值冲突。政策制定者对宅基地流转限制的解释是维护农民利益的公平性考量,但真实的原因却是出于对政府社会保障供给能力的担心而采取的无奈之举。文章从权利、机会、规则和分配四个方面对限制宅基地流转的公平性进行了质疑,认为这一制度的存在已经丧失了公平正义的价值理念和合法性基础,应尽快进行变革。     

松潘本教寺院旅游调查分析

在四川旅游文化资源开发的大背景下,位于黄龙—九寨沟旅游沿线的本教寺院,卷入到了旅游热潮中,但寺院旅游的模式引起了社会的非议和政府的重视。经过实地调查,作者对川主寺、山巴寺、呷米寺等几座寺院旅游的现状进行了描述和分析,提出了松潘本教寺院文化旅游可选择的3种模式。     

进退于“理”、“心”之间——宋明《诗经》学发展中的跨越与回缩

<诗经>宋学对传统汉学有了重大突破,并且开辟了较明显的以文学解诗的道路,甚至在明代后期出现了短暂的文学性研究的高潮;但理学自身的"理"心"矛盾又人为地堵上了这条路,使得宋明以后的诗经学在发展上重心偏移,一直没有能回到文学解诗的正途上来.     

利益多元与社会和谐

利益多元是社会进步的重要推动力量。多元利益之间在竞争、冲突和妥协过程中使社会的经济、政治和文化诸多领域达到和谐状态。其中,经济利益多元通过孕育平等、自由与诚信的市场机制,促进社会经济秩序的和谐;政治利益多元通过生成真正的公共意志,构建民主与法治的和谐政治秩序;文化多元通过不同文化价值和文化类型的冲突与妥协,推动主导文化、精英文化与大众文化良性互动和发展,促成文化秩序的和谐。     

Conflict of Interest Mitigation Procedures May Have Little Influence on the Perceived Procedural Fairness of Risk‐Related Research

Two between‐subject experiments explored perceived conflict of interest (COI)—operationalized as perceived procedural unfairness—in a hypothetical public–private research partnership to study the health risks of trans fats. Perceived fairness was measured as subjects’ perceptions that health researchers would be willing to listen to a range of voices and minimize bias (i.e., COI) in the context of a research project. Experiment 1 (n = 1,263) randomly assigned research subjects to a partnership that included (1) a combination of an industry partner, a university partner, and a nongovernmental organization (NGO) partner; and (2) one of three processes aimed at mitigating the potential for COI to harm the quality of the research. The procedures included an arm's‐length process meant to keep the university‐based research team from being influenced by the other partners, an independent advisory board to oversee the project, and a commitment to making all data and analyses openly available. The results suggest that having an industry partner has substantial negative effects on perceived fairness and that the benefit of employing a single COI‐mitigation process may be relatively small. Experiment 2 (n = 1,076) assessed a partnership of (1) a university and either an NGO or industry partner and (b) zero, one, two, or three of the three COI‐mitigation procedures. Results suggest there is little value in combining COI‐mitigation procedures. The study has implications for those who aim to foster confidence in scientific findings for which the underlying research may benefit from industry funding.     

Difficult differences pave the creative road from diversity to performance

In this article, we argue that engagement with differences is important for the relationship between diversity and organizational performance. This importance is explained by the increased potential for creativity and innovation coming out of working in diverse teams. We recognize that difference and diversity can act as a double-edged sword for creativity and also contend that such differences are a fundamental condition for novelty and value to emerge. It is because of differences and not despite them that we create at individual, group, and organizational levels and a European approach to this topic – given Europe's history and philosophical traditions – recognizes the major role played of creative tensions and even conflict in innovation and in society more broadly. In this paper, we review literature that relates creativity and business performance, creativity, and diversity and examine the role of disagreement and tension, both conceptually and based on empirical evidence. We conclude by stressing the point that creativity often comes out of difficult differences, a European lesson that is easily forgotten, in Europe as well as globally.     

欧盟安全治理的挑战

关于欧盟是否是一个有效的安全行为体,可以通过安全的三个职能:冲突预防、强制执行和平／维持和平、缔造和平,以及和平治理的三个核心组成部分:协调、管理、调节来评估。安全治理是一个有用的分析框架,它可以用来研究各种不同行为体之间的互动关系,而且对于概念化的欧盟安全政策制定也具有重要意义。     

强制性冲突法和任意性冲突法理论初探

冲突法对法官和当事人是任意性规范还是具有强制性的拘束力?这是一个具有重要现实意义的问题.普通法国家一般认为冲突法是任意性法律.这些国家的法院总是适用法院地法,除非当事人一方要求适用外国法作为准据法.罗马法国家一般认为冲突法是强制性法规,这些国家的法院有义务按照法院地的冲突规范适用准据法.我国冲突规范主要规定于《中华人民共和国民法通则》之中,因为《中华人民共和国民法通则》不是任意性的,因此我国冲突法不应是任意性规范.但我国一些地方法院的司法实践却不时将我国冲突法作为任意性法规对待,这不仅有损于我国司法在国际社会的形象,而且损害了我国冲突法的健康发展.因此我们必须在立法和司法实践中明确:我国的冲突规范不是任意性规范,它对所有人民法院均具有拘束力.     

Power in politically charged networks

We offer a theory and measure for determining powerful nodal positions based on potential inter-actor control in “politically charged” networks, which contain both allies and adversaries. Power is derived from actors that are dependent on the focal actor and sociometrically weak, either due to a lack of alternative allies or from being threatened by others. We create a new Political Independence Index (PII), compare it to other established measures, and illustrate its use in the setting of an international network of alliances and military conflicts from 1946 to 2000. Results show that politically independent nations as measured by PII have smaller increases in military personnel than others over time.     

Dogmatism and Competitive Relationships Between Soccer Teams

In the framework of intergroup relationships, Social Identity Theory (SIT) and Real Conflict Theory (RCT) both hypothesize a positive relationship between social identification and ethnocentrism in threatening en-vironments. The RCT proposes that conflict for scarce resources between groups determines ingroup identification while the SIT predicts that intensity of social identification leads to outgroup hostility in threatening contexts. An examination of these relationships is undertaken in a competitive sports context with the help of the dogmatism scale. Relationships between Belief and Activism Toward One Cause, as a social identification measure, and Out-group Authoritarian Intolerance, as an ethnocentrism measure were studied across two experimental conditions (neutral vs. competitive). The results describe a positive effect of Out-group Authoritarian Intolerance, measured in the neutral condition, on Belief and Activism Toward One Cause, measured in the competitive condition, validating RCT. The results are discussed based on complementary individual and collective analyses (i.e., dogmatism and intergroup relationship theories) of ethnocentrism.