试论中国-东盟自由贸易区争端解决机制

自由贸易区的建立促使其成员方的国际贸易和投资自由化,同时,也使国际争端增多。国际争端的恰当解决,很大程度依靠于争端解决的方式,法律方式在当今社会中因为其有效而可以预期,因此逐渐成为人们喜欢采用的方法。中国—东盟自由贸易区(CAFTA)顺其潮流,制订和签署了《中国—东盟全面经济合作框架协议的争端解决机制协定》。如何解读并评价这一解决机制成了当务之急,中国和东盟各国应在实践中不断地加以改进和完善。     

Technological change and sociocultural models in China: A case study of train commuters in Beijing

ABSTRACT

China’s mobility turn has created the world’s largest public rail system, contributing extensively to citizens’ economic, social, and spatial mobility. Concurrently, this technological transformation has introduced many opportunities for individuation, which could potentially challenge the social, collectivistic, and Confucian foundations of China’s sociocultural and political ideology. While the notion that ‘mobility produces culture’ is readily accepted, research on train mobility in China is rare. In this study, we use Albert Bandura’s Model of Triadic Reciprocal Causation to conceptualize mobility as agency. We employ Hermeneutic Content Analysis, a mixed methods framework, to study how this rapidly evolving mobility environment connects to the lives of 31 regular train users living in Beijing. Studying agency in China enables us to systematize the sociocultural models within which mobility practices are embedded and how they manifest. We find that our interviewees embed agentive practices in a cultural model that is intertwined with collectivistic aspirations of the country. Technological developments are thus integrated into existing sociocultural models and political expectations, contradicting existing debates on the fracturing impact of disruptive technologies.     

气井合理管径的确定

根据气井生产系统分析方法,得到采用小于某油管直径生产会扼制气井的产能;根据气井流入动态曲线和油管携水曲线的分析,得到采用大于某油管直径生产井筒会出现积液;综合考虑以上两点,便可得到气井合理油管直径;从而建立了既考虑地层能量的供给能力和井筒举升能力,也考虑井筒携液能力的气井合理油管直径计算方法,能更好地指导气井的生产。根据实例,说明了气井合理油管直径计算方法的应用,具有广阔的应用前景。     

大学生心理和谐的维度探讨

心理和谐是心理各种要素和关系相互融洽的状态,是一个复杂的多维度系统,它涉及自我、人与社会,人与人、人与自然等多重关系.通过文献综述、开放式调查、专家咨询等提出了大学生心理和谐维度结构的理论构想,包括自我和谐与社会和谐、人际和谐与自然和谐四个二阶因素和积极性、适当性、敏锐性、认同性、和睦性、融洽性、亲近性和相融性八个一阶因素.以此为基础自编了大学生心理和谐问卷,并对调查结果进行了探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,进一步验证了大学生心理和谐维度结构,表明该结构可作为今后深入研究的基础.     

模糊优选模型在产品组合管理的应用

本文把模糊优选模型应用到传统数学难以综合描述的产品组合管理问题,并举了一个大型企业集团的多样化经营例子加以实证。     

五十年来美国对中国史研究的两次转向

从 2 0世纪 5 0年代至今的五十余年中 ,美国的中国史研究经历了两次重要的转向 :一是从“西方中心主义”转向了“中国中心观” ;二是从“中国中心观”转向了“时空双向交叉比较史观”。前者以柯文为代表 ,探讨的是中国史研究中以何者为参照系的问题 ;后者以王国斌为代表 ,探讨的是单向度参照系的科学性和如何比较的问题。事实证明 ,2 0世纪 80年代柯文倡导的“中国中心观” ,对于克服五六十年代美国在中国史研究中的“西方中心主义”的弊端具有深远的方法论意义 ,有力地推动了中国史研究向纵深方向发展。但是 ,“中国中心观”并非一劳永逸 ,在这个意义上 ,王国斌 90年代提出“时空的双向交叉比较史观”,彻底抛弃了中心和边缘的观念 ,“从西看中”与“自中视西”相结合 ,“从今察古”与“由前思后”相并行 ,这样开放的比较史观更具方法论意义 ,必将使美国的中国史研究进一步深化。     

Family Environment and Adolescents' Well‐Being Before and After Parents' Marital Disruption: A Longitudinal Analysis

Although previous research has noted that children of divorce tend to fare less well than peers raised in families with two biological parents, much less is known about how parents' marital disruption affects children as a continuous process in its different phases. Based on two waves of a large, nationally representative panel, this study demonstrates that even before the disruption, both male and female adolescents from families that subsequently dissolve exhibit more academic, psychological, and behavioral problems than peers whose parents remain married. Families on the verge of breakup are also characterized by less intimate parent‐parent and parent‐child relationships, less parental commitment to children's education, and fewer economic and human resources. These differences in family environment account for most well‐being deficits among adolescents in predisrupted families. Furthermore, the deterioration in different domains of the family environment appears to be associated with maladjustment in different aspects of children's lives. The postdisruption effects on adolescents can either be totally or largely predicted by predisruption factors and by changes in family circumstances during the period coinciding with the disruption. Finally, the analyses indicate that female adolescents are as likely to be affected by the parental divorce process as male adolescents.     

对偶婚姻的均衡分析

通过动物繁殖和生存的经济学均衡分析后认为 ,繁殖和生存的边际产品转换率MRT♀♂ 在不同动物种群和同一种群不同动物个体的变化 ,可形成一妻多夫、一夫多妻和一夫一妻 3种形式的对偶婚姻。人类不同形式的对偶婚姻不仅仅是一种生物学上的适应 (本能 ) ,而且也是一种文化上的适应(智能 ) ,也和动物婚姻一样符合经济规律。     

从古书中的"以"探讨实词的虚化

汉语词汇的发展趋势是先有实词,再有虚词。许多虚词是由实词虚化而产生的。如古书中的常用虚词“以”,即从实词“以”的用法逐渐虚化,从而有了作为虚词的介词“以”和连词“以”等的使用。