五十年来美国对中国史研究的两次转向

从 2 0世纪 5 0年代至今的五十余年中 ,美国的中国史研究经历了两次重要的转向 :一是从“西方中心主义”转向了“中国中心观” ;二是从“中国中心观”转向了“时空双向交叉比较史观”。前者以柯文为代表 ,探讨的是中国史研究中以何者为参照系的问题 ;后者以王国斌为代表 ,探讨的是单向度参照系的科学性和如何比较的问题。事实证明 ,2 0世纪 80年代柯文倡导的“中国中心观” ,对于克服五六十年代美国在中国史研究中的“西方中心主义”的弊端具有深远的方法论意义 ,有力地推动了中国史研究向纵深方向发展。但是 ,“中国中心观”并非一劳永逸 ,在这个意义上 ,王国斌 90年代提出“时空的双向交叉比较史观”,彻底抛弃了中心和边缘的观念 ,“从西看中”与“自中视西”相结合 ,“从今察古”与“由前思后”相并行 ,这样开放的比较史观更具方法论意义 ,必将使美国的中国史研究进一步深化。     

Family Environment and Adolescents' Well‐Being Before and After Parents' Marital Disruption: A Longitudinal Analysis

Although previous research has noted that children of divorce tend to fare less well than peers raised in families with two biological parents, much less is known about how parents' marital disruption affects children as a continuous process in its different phases. Based on two waves of a large, nationally representative panel, this study demonstrates that even before the disruption, both male and female adolescents from families that subsequently dissolve exhibit more academic, psychological, and behavioral problems than peers whose parents remain married. Families on the verge of breakup are also characterized by less intimate parent‐parent and parent‐child relationships, less parental commitment to children's education, and fewer economic and human resources. These differences in family environment account for most well‐being deficits among adolescents in predisrupted families. Furthermore, the deterioration in different domains of the family environment appears to be associated with maladjustment in different aspects of children's lives. The postdisruption effects on adolescents can either be totally or largely predicted by predisruption factors and by changes in family circumstances during the period coinciding with the disruption. Finally, the analyses indicate that female adolescents are as likely to be affected by the parental divorce process as male adolescents.     

对偶婚姻的均衡分析

通过动物繁殖和生存的经济学均衡分析后认为 ,繁殖和生存的边际产品转换率MRT♀♂ 在不同动物种群和同一种群不同动物个体的变化 ,可形成一妻多夫、一夫多妻和一夫一妻 3种形式的对偶婚姻。人类不同形式的对偶婚姻不仅仅是一种生物学上的适应 (本能 ) ,而且也是一种文化上的适应(智能 ) ,也和动物婚姻一样符合经济规律。     

论纪录片叙事情节的连接方式

在纪录片叙事中,一个故事必须有一个序列,但更多的时候,一个故事往往由多个序列构成.如何安排这些序列,使它们之间的连接具有可续性的依据,从而构成情节.本文认为,序列与序列之间的连接可以有以下几种方式,即时间连接、空间连接、因果连接,此外,还应该有联想式连接等.这些情节连接方式的揭示,对纪录片的创作与欣赏具有一定的意义.     

亚谐波注锁振荡器的分析

评估了各种注锁振荡器的分析方法,提出了亚谐波注锁振荡器的谐波平衡法。     

剔除非管理性因素影响的我国集成电路产业技术创新效率研究:基于广义三阶段 DEA 和 Tobit 模型

基于集成电路产业技术创新过程中所具有的特点,并考虑非管理性因素对技术创新效率产生的影响,运用广义三阶段DEA模型评价和比较我国集成电路产业整体及产业链各环节技术创新效率及差异,并进行投入要素的投影分析,在此基础上借助Tobit回归模型对技术创新效率的影响因素进行研究。结果表明,我国集成电路产业整体技术创新效率呈上升态势,而产业链各环节除封测业因技术换挡而呈现“N”型发展态势外,其余环节与产业整体情况相同;产业链各环节技术创新的投入冗余情况则各有不同,但制造业和装备业是投入冗余较为集中的环节;产业结构升级加速使得当前企业规模与技术创新效率呈现出负相关性,而企业R&D人员投入和人才密集性对技术创新效率分别存在消极和积极影响,可见效率提升的关键在于R&D人员的“质”而非“量”,政府支持程度则对技术创新效率有明显积极作用,但企业R&D经费投入对技术创新效率的影响并不显著,在当前产业发展阶段,高投入并不一定会产生高效率。     

A psychometric evaluation of a Dutch version of the Job Content Questionnaire and of a short direct questioning procedure

Using the demand-control-support perspective on job stress, a Dutch translation of an adapted version of the Job Content Questionnaire (AJCQ) was administered to a large population ( N = 3638) of Flemish workers in a variety of jobs, together with the General Health Questionnaire, and a negative affectivity scale. Overall, the AJCQ was shown to be a solid measurement instrument as indicated by several estimated reliability indices and validity of the subscales. A factor analysis largely reproduced the a priori structure of the AJCQ. A short 10-item direct questioning procedure was constructed to measure the 10 subscales of the AJCQ and the results of this procedure were compared with the AJCQ in a subsample ( N = 660). The correlations with six criterion variables showed that single questions were equally predictive than the much longer version of the AJCQ.     

A dynamic perspective on the resilience of firms: A systematic literature review and a framework for future research

This study aims to answer the following research question: how is the resilience of firms defined in the business and management field? In doing so, we answer recent calls for research about a more thorough conceptualisation of the resilience of firms and its definition. We conducted a systematic literature review of 66 selected papers published between 2000 and 2017. By means of inductive content analysis, we analyse the definitions of ‘resilience’ and elaborate a novel conceptual framework that introduces a dynamic perspective on the resilience of firms. The proposed framework overcomes existing definitional fragmentation and raises awareness of the temporal dimension in the conceptualisation of the resilience of firms. We contribute to extant business and management literature on the resilience of firms by proposing a model that articulates two main paths for explaining organisational resilience, i.e. absorptive resilience and adaptive resilience paths. We also identify a set of key capabilities needed to be successfully resilient at the different stages of the two paths.     

Engaging publics in the mobile era: A study of Chinese charitable foundations’ use of WeChat

WeChat, the most widely used social mobile application nowadays in China, marks the advent of a mobile communication age that has reshaped Chinese people’s lifestyles. Understanding Chinese nonprofits’ communication performance on WeChat is a nascent field of study that calls for public relations scholars’ attention and investigation. By observing the most transparent Chinese charitable foundations, this study conducted a quantitative content analysis to examine their use of WeChat for dialogic communication with publics. Particularly, this study examined the dialogic features employed on the official WeChat accounts of these foundations as well as the public engagement functions fulfilled by their WeChat posts. The findings indicate that the dialogic potential of WeChat has not been fully utilized by the Chinese foundations. The official accounts have been relatively successful in fulfilling the provision of useful information toward interested publics, but most of them still have not created a dialogic loop with their audience. The WeChat posts primarily act as information sources but also perform the salient function of calling upon actions. In addition, certain communication strategies were identified in the posts to attract audience attention and to promote organizational activities, such as the incorporation of multimedia content and popular online events.     

On the need for increased rigour and care in the conduct and interpretation of network meta‐analyses in drug development

The rise over recent years in the use of network meta‐analyses (NMAs) in clinical research and health economic analysis is little short of meteoric driven, in part, by a desire from decision makers to extend inferences beyond direct comparisons in controlled clinical trials. But is the increased use and reliance of NMAs justified? Do such analyses provide a reliable basis for the relative effectiveness assessment of medicines and, in turn, for critical decisions relating to healthcare access and provisioning? And can such analyses also be used earlier, as part of the evidence base for licensure? Despite several important publications highlighting inherently unverifiable assumptions underpinning NMAs, these assumptions and associated potential for serious bias are often overlooked in the reporting and interpretation of NMAs. A more cautious, and better informed, approach to the use and interpretation of NMAs in clinical research is warranted given the assumptions that sit behind such analyses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.