英汉语言中数字模糊用法的文化因素分析

与一般的模糊语言用法相比,数字的模糊用法颇为微妙,更为复杂,需要从文化范畴,从语用角度来分析,理解,解释。本文从以下三个方面进行探讨:一、由于历史沿袭,某些数字被赋予了特定的、或是吉祥的、或是禁忌的意义,可以追溯到原始的自然崇拜或者宗教信仰;二、数字含义由具体意义演变为泛指意义,已经失去精确地数量含义;三、文学作品中倏格用以达到修辞效果。分析了数字模糊用法的文化因素,追溯其沿袭过程,并分析其具体用法和效果,以达到正确地理解和翻译目的。     

Elliptically contoured model and factorization of wllks1 A

In a series of papers, Kshirsagar (1964, 1971) and McHenry and Kshirsagar (1977), factorize Wilks' A into a number of factors and find the independent null multivariate beta densities of these factors. These factors are the likelihood ratio test criteria for testing the goodness of fit of certain assigned discriminant functions or canonical variables either in the space of independent or dependent variables. Essentially the factors of Wilks' A are the factors of certain multivariate beta distributed matrix or its determinant. The Bartlett decomposition of the underlying multivariate beta distribution into independent factors determines the distribution of these factors. The present paper generalizes Kshirsagar's (1971) normal theory to the elliptically contoured model, and shows that his results are null robust for the elliptically contoured model.     

公共事业管理专业学生学习满意度:现状、影响因素及提升对策——以南京市部分高校为例

对南京七所高校公共事业管理专业学生学习满意度现状的调查与统计分析结果显示,专业课程设置满意度与教师授课满意度尚可,但专业满意度、实践性环节课程以及学校专业建设投入满意度等却普遍偏低。而专业定位尚欠清晰、课程设置不够科学与合理、底子薄弱、师资弱化以及投入不足等则是其主要影响因素。因此,准确定位专业、构建科学与合理的专业课程体系、加大专业投入、强化师资队伍建设、培养学生专业兴趣与提升学生学习能力等,无疑成为公共事业管理专业学生学习满意度提升的有效方法。     

论元结构中的语境因素

根据Fillmore的格语法和框架语义学理论以及Goldberg的构式语法理论,动词意义和构式意义都有语境因素的参与。Goldberg认为构式意义相对于动词意义有一定强制作用。本文支持另一种看法,认为动词意义本身包含着丰富的语境因素,构式突显了包括语境因素在内的动词意义的某些方面,形成不同的论元结构。因此,论元结构的产生跟语境因素的作用是分不开的。     

Palliative care patients' experiences of healthcare treatment

Kennett C, Payne M. Palliative care patients' experiences of healthcare treatment Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 262–271 © 2009 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. This article reports on a thematic analysis of the opinions of 34 palliative care patients about medical and healthcare treatment expressed in comments, narratives and discussions during a series of facilitated group discussions undertaken as part of training events for medical students. Palliative care patients often have long healthcare careers, which enables them to compare different professionals and services, thus offering a more powerful and complex analysis of patient experience than that obtainable from analysis of complaints or satisfaction surveys, and permits some understanding to be obtained of the attitudes that condition evaluations of services. The patients balanced negative views with positive experiences. They appreciated open, listening, equal and friendly relationships with professionals in which careful explanation fostered their confidence in the overall service. They criticised inflexible services that did not consider their broad needs, and in which relationships with professionals were characterised by busy‐ness and professional distance.     

基于异质生产要素模型对农民工与城镇劳动力关系的研究

随着进城农民工数量的增加,农民工与城镇劳动力的关系研究显得十分必要。农民工与城镇劳动力各具不同的人力资源禀赋,属于异质生产要素。基于改进的异质生产要素模型,利用希克斯互补弹性公式计算,结果显示两者主要表现为互补性,因而农民工与城镇劳动力两者总体上是相容的。积极发展城镇化,鼓励农民工进城并实现身份的转变,统筹城乡劳动力市场管理,合理配置劳动力资源具有十分重要的意义。     

Poor Hemodialysis Outcome Identifying Social Risk Factors in Elderly and Non-elderly Patients in Singapore

Little is known about the social determinants that predispose hemodialysis patients to poor treatment outcome. Using a clinical data mining method, this study aims to identify differences in social risk factors for hospitalization between elderly and non-elderly patients. The sample consists of 100 elderly and 219 non-elderly patients who started hemodialysis at the National Kidney Foundation from October 2007 to September 2008 and were followed through up to one year of hemodialysis to examine their hospitalization status then. Bivariate analysis revealed differences in the risk profiles between the two groups. The study has implications for funding policy and also draws attention to how clinical interventions ought to be tailored between the two age groups.     

Editor's Report

There are two common methods for statistical inference on 2 × 2 contingency tables. One is the widely taught Pearson chi-square test, which uses the well-known χ²statistic. The chi-square test is appropriate for large sample inference, and it is equivalent to the Z-test that uses the difference between the two sample proportions for the 2 × 2 case. Another method is Fisher’s exact test, which evaluates the likelihood of each table with the same marginal totals. This article mathematically justifies that these two methods for determining extreme do not completely agree with each other. Our analysis obtains one-sided and two-sided conditions under which a disagreement in determining extreme between the two tests could occur. We also address the question whether or not their discrepancy in determining extreme would make them draw different conclusions when testing homogeneity or independence. Our examination of the two tests casts light on which test should be trusted when the two tests draw different conclusions.     

The Late-Life Divorced

This study on divorce and the elderly includes a secondary analysis of data taken from Current Population Reports (CPR) and from The National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH). Age specific divorce prevalence rates calculated using the CPR, suggests an increase in the proportion of elderly divorced persons over the last 15 years, with the proportion of divorced women being greater than that of divorced men. Findings from the analysis of NSFH data suggests that women were more likely to turn to others for emotional support during separation than were men. Older women were more likely to than older men, The younger were more likely to than the older. Older women had better adjustment scores and overall happiness than did older men.     

影响低年级大学生心理状态因素的分析

本文通过对低年级大学生心理状态的调查分析,认为大学生自身的内在心理素质和周围环境的外在条件相互作用不均衡将导致心理问题的产生,并强调"适应期"教育,促进低年级学生身心健康.