农村居民消费增长比平稳更重要

 本文将消费习惯引入Lucas (1987)模型,采用农村五等份收入户的人均消费数据进行数值模拟,结果发现: 消费增长比消费平稳更重要,且收入等级越高,这种相对重要性就越突出。相对风险规避系数一定时,两类福利成本之比随习惯强度变化的轨迹呈倒U型; 习惯强度一定时,两类福利成本之比随相对风险规避系数的增大而递减。相对于其他等级的收入户,促进消费增长的经济政策为高收入户带来相对较多的福利,而平抑消费波动的经济政策能为低收入户带来较多的福利。因此,政府在促进农村居民消费增长的同时,也应重视消费波动给低收入群体造成的福利成本。     

Efficiency determinants in retail stores: a Bayesian framework

This paper analyzes the impact of vertical integration, age, geographic expansion, and low price strategy on the cost efficiency of retail stores. We test our hypotheses using the innovative Bayesian frontier methodology. The data involve a sample of Spanish retail stores that operate in a highly competitive and dynamic environment. From the results, it is clear that cost efficiency is higher for stores that have: longer years in business, stronger geographical presence, and lower price offerings. Vertical integration, on the other hand, is negatively related to efficiency. Further discussions of these findings and related managerial implications are provided in the paper.     

Real option games with R&D and learning spillovers

We demonstrate to decision makers how to optimally make costly strategic pre-investment R&D decisions in the presence of spillover effects in an option pricing framework with analytic tractability. Decisions are modeled as impulse-type controls with random outcome. Two firms face two decisions that are solved interdependently in a two-stage game. The first-stage decision is: What is the optimal level of coordination (optimal policy/technology choice)? The second-stage decision is: What is the optimal effort for a given level of the spillover effects and the cost of information acquisition? The framework is extended to a two-period closed-loop stochastic game with (path-dependency inducing) switching costs that make strategy revisions harder. When conditions of learning-by-doing exist, we find that strategy shifts are easier to observe in market environments of high growth and high volatility.     

Resource smoothing: A cost minimization approach

From the available literature, there seems to be no defined approach to resource smoothing exercise except those attempted by Weist (1967, Management Science, 13, B359-B377) and Burgess and Killebrew (1962, Journal of Industrial Engineering, 13, 76-83). The aim of the smoothing exercise is to achieve optimal resource usage by avoiding high peaks and deep valleys in the project resource profile. The general approach has always been to move some activities with floats in the high peak regions to be started at a later date, and as this is done, the valleys will be filled to smooth the resource profile subject of course to time constraint. If this approach is followed as it is, it would be difficult to determine optimality especially when many resources are involved. A cost minimization approach is envisaged in the present study with no limitation on the number of resource inputs. In a situation where the resources are assumed to have the same value, the cost assigned to each of them should be similar. The method follows the general concept but with a difference; cost of the activity in question is considered. The exercise is continued until all the floats are exhausted. The optimum result would then be the one with the minimum cost profile. From examples used for the evaluation, the results obtained are comparable to those of the above two researchers, and some with better results in the majority of cases.     

Constrained production lot-size model with trade-credit policy: 'A comparison geometric programming approach via Lagrange'

In this paper our main objective is to investigate a deterministic inventory production lot-size model with a permissible delay in payment under a restriction. We analyse our deterministic inventory model under a restriction which will be assumed as the average inventory level. In fact we use in our analysis two approaches: the geometric programming approach; and the Lagrange method. Then a comparison between these two approaches is performed, which is our aim. Finally we deduce some previously published works of other researchers as special cases.     

Multi-item EOQ inventory model with varying holding cost under two restrictions: A geometric programming approach

In this paper we provide a simple method to determine the inventory policy of multiple items having varying holding cost using a geometric programming approach. The varying holding cost is considered to be a continuous function of the order quantity. The EOQ inventory model with constant holding cost and the classical EOQ inventory model without constraints are derived.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

盈余质量对资本配置效率的影响及作用机理

本文以2004-2007年沪深两市的上市公司为研究样本,在Richardson、verdi研究的基础上,对中国现实制度背景下盈余质量和资本配置效率两者的关系进行了探讨.不同于国内外的现有研究,本文不仅检验了盈余质量是否影响上市公司的资本配置效率,还对盈余质量如何影响上市公司资本配置效率进行了检验.检验结果表明,盈余质量的改善一方面能直接提高上市公司的资本配置效率,另一方面则能够通过降低代理成本间接促进上市公司资本配置效率的提高.这一研究结论对理解盈余质量在上市公司资本配置效率中的作用,以及了解盈余质量与上市公司资本配置效率之间的中介传导机制和路径模式均具有较强的现实意义.     

A generalisation of the Farrell cost efficiency measure applicable to non-fully competitive settings

This paper enhances cost efficiency measurement methods to account for situations where the input prices can depend on negotiation or tend to qualitatively differentiate the resources available at each decision making unit. In these circumstances, there are some shortcomings in the cost efficiency measure described in the data envelopment analysis (DEA) literature. This paper proposes new models and measures for cost efficiency evaluation that overcome the limitations of the existing DEA models. The applicability of the measures developed is illustrated in the context of the analysis of bank branch performance.     

云南边疆少数民族间的"康吧"经济交往模式:理论与实证分析

"康吧"交往是纳西族与傈僳族、藏族之间一种独特而历史悠久的物质交换模式,它不符合理性选择的逻辑却能世代延续至今,同时,不同民族间的"康吧"交往又存在差异。本文借鉴西方主流理论对这种古老的交往模式进行分析,从经济学、社会学、人类学的多重理论角度出发,采用访谈、观察与定量分析相结合的研究方法,对上述现象进行了分析。研究结果表明:(1)资源依赖性、信任和互惠原则对"康吧"交往的延续至关重要;(2)货币市场和投机行为的出现导致"康吧"交往走向衰落,但情感互惠和资源互补使之至今存在;(3)自然资源条件、资源互补程度、社会历史背景和文化因素,对交往模式的差异都有重要影响作用。