Racial/ethnic disparities in US college students’ experience: Discrimination as an impediment to academic performance

ABSTRACT

Objective and Participants: Using data from 69,722 US undergraduates participating in the spring 2015 National College Health Assessment, we examine racial/ethnic differences in students’ experience of discrimination. Method: Logistic regression predicted the experience of discrimination and its reported negative effect on academics. Additional models examined the effect of attending a Minority Serving Institution (MSI). Results: Discrimination was experienced by 5–15% of students, with all racial/ethnic minority groups examined- including Black, Hispanic, Asian, AI/NA/NA, and Multiracial students- more likely to report discrimination relative to White students. Of students who experienced discrimination, 15–25% reported it had negatively impacted their academic performance, with Hispanic and Asian students more likely to report negative impacts relative to White students. Attending an MSI was associated with decreased experiences of discrimination. Conclusion: Students from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds are disproportionately affected by discrimination, with negative impacts for academic performance that are particularly marked for Hispanic and Asian students.     

The Use of the Computer in Counseling College Students

The purpose of this study was to examine the usefulness of a computer program in helping clients clarify their concerns and identify goals for behavior change, prior to their first session counselor. A counseling treatment consisting of three initial computer-interaction sessions, followed by two sessions with a counselor, was compared to a treatment consisting of five sessions with a counselor and no computer interaction, and to a no-contact control group. Participants were 46 college students. The two treatment groups achieved their self-determined goals, as measured by the Goal Attainment Scale (Kiresuk & Sherman, 1968), and reported similar levels of satisfaction with counseling than students working with the computer-based counseling system. It was concluded that computers may be effectively used as part of the counseling process, allowing for a more efficient use of the counselor's time. However, more research is needed to identify the type of counselor intervention needed to facilitate the acceptance of these systems by students.     

Addressing Barriers to University-Community Collaboration

Abstract

University-community partnerships, and COPC programs in particular, offer important opportunities for traditionally segregated groups to work together in collaborative relationships. The challenge of bringing people who possess distinct differences in background and social power together is a long-standing issue. Class, status, and organizational differences may impede collaboration. This article discusses the history of COPC as social policy and reviews an evaluation report of successful community-university partnerships. Drawing from the community organizing literature in sociology and social work, this article suggests community organizing methods that address structural obstacles to collaborative work. Especially in COPC programs characterized by multiple interactions, it is the community based organization (CBO) which has greatest facility to equalize the playing field between disparate groups. The role of community organizers in CBOs is to acknowledge and disrupt the structural inequalities inherent in these relationships. The community organizer must resist the role of expert or buffer between the community and university and instead strive toward authentic collaboration.     

能源与环境设计先导评价标准约束下的景观设计——以成都万国数据中心景观设计为例

美国绿色建筑委员会（USGBC）的国家标准LEED认证是目前国际上最具影响力的绿色建筑评估体系之一。本研究以成都万国数据中心的景观设计为例,结合地域文化提炼的设计理念,与建筑设计充分的融合并延续风格,在LEED认证下的景观设计遵循场地可持续发展理念,在设计与建设过程运用新材料、新方法以及新的管理和许可规程;设计以植被为主,防止热岛效应。雨洪利用借鉴北京奥林匹克公园＂下渗为主,适当回收;先下渗净化,再回收利用＂设计,合理拦蓄雨水资源,并科学利用绿色电力和可再生能源。     

上海现代航运集疏运体系完善的对策研究

当前,上海大规模港口设施建设已基本告捷,主要工作精力应逐步转到建设国际航运中心所必需的便捷、高效的集疏运体系和相关配套软件设施上来。包括水路运输与道路运输产业在内的交通运输业在上海国际航运中心建设中发挥着极其重要的基础功能。应改变传统的水路、公路、铁路集疏运比例,灵活使用价格杠杆合理调节集装箱流量,彻底突破江浙沪跨区高速公路交通瓶颈,实现和完善上海港区与高速公路、内河和铁路网络的衔接,积极开展海铁联运,提高运营管理水平,以加快上海港集疏运系统的一体化进程。     

建文帝传说圈及其重庆中心论

重庆有一个密集的建文帝传说带,凑聚于沙坪坝区磁器口、渝北区、长寿区、南岸区、北碚区。中国有一个建文帝传说圈,涵盖鄂、黔、滇、桂、苏、蜀、秦、豫等省区,密集于西南和南方。渝市建文帝传说带处在中国建文帝传说圈的中心;乌江流域是连接重庆建文帝传说带与西南和南方建文帝传说圈的主要孔道。当清初他处建文帝传说诞生之际,重庆由于战乱直到清代中期人口恢复生机之后同类传说姗姗来迟。历史上有一些规律：一是群山耸峙怀抱的重庆常常是战败者的乐园,二是败北帝王多“立地成佛”。建文帝传说“核”有真实性。     

On the mode of administering a questionnaire and responses to open-ended items

Concurrently administered personal and telephone surveys are compared to measure differences between the modes for identical questions. Speed of questioning is found to be greater in telephone interviews than personal interviews. The faster pace of telephone interviews is linked to shorter answers to open-ended items on the telephone. The tendency to reduce such responses is disproportionately exhibited by younger, affluent respondents who tend to provide detailed responses in personal interviews.     

淡出关注视野的香港文学研究--从"人大复印资料"、《读书》刊载的文章看大陆近年学术研究热点的变化

以1979年至2004年的"人大复印资料·中国现代、当代文学研究"和<读书>作为考察对象,通过对学界具有一定权威性的期刊用稿倾向的分析,点评近年大陆学界的香港文学研究状况,从批评视野的限制、理论与方法空间的调整及其有效性等方面的考察入手,指出目前大陆学界的香港文学研究走向学术升级的症结所在:就现象研究而言,须摆脱传媒热点问题的干扰,在流行文学以外给文艺小说更多的关注,发掘出真正具有文学史意义的作品;就学科理论体系的建构而言,需要建立具有理论生发能力和原创性的学术话题来促进学术研究水平的提升,此外,学术评价体制对学科研究前景的影响也不容忽视.     

Institutional antecedents of subsidiary external embeddedness: Coping with regulatory competitive constraints

We investigate institutional antecedents to subsidiary external embeddedness and relate regulation constraining competition in local service sectors to subsidiary embeddedness with local partners in complementary sectors. Combining research on business networks with arguments derived from transaction cost economics, we argue that subsidiary external embeddedness depends on the extent of transaction costs originating from small numbers bargaining, which regulatory competitive constraints in local service sectors are a source of. Based on this logic, we suggest that low and high levels of regulatory competitive constraints are associated with greater subsidiary external embeddedness. We also suggest that this U-shaped relationship is more pronounced for subsidiaries that are centers of excellence within the multinational enterprise because these subsidiaries heavily depend on the local context as a source of their competitive advantage over their sister subsidiaries.