自由还是平等——诺奇克和罗尔斯的正义观比较

分析了诺奇克和罗尔斯看待平等、国家的功能和分配问题上的不同观点,指出诺奇克主张的正义是尊重人们选择权的程序性的正义,罗尔斯主张的正义是有利于最少受惠者的实质性的正义。二者揭示了正义的两个性质。     

休谟的正义观述评

本文讨论休谟的正义理论。指出正义起源于人性的有限慷慨与资源的相对匮乏;正义的主要作用是确立财产权;正义的有效实现依赖政府保护;同时指出休谟正义理论的合理性与局限性。     

Mobilising diasporas for justice. Opportunity structures and the presencing of a violent past

ABSTRACT

This article investigates how the global dominance of the transitional justice (TJ) discourse and practice – and the controversies and conflicts that arise around TJ – have come to make up an important context for diaspora mobilisation. The article looks at the increasingly globalised mechanisms and norms of transitional justice as a set of opportunity structures – political, legal and discursive – which shape diaspora mobilisation. Diaspora engagement in commemoration, truth-seeking and legal justice in relation to atrocities in Rwanda and Sri Lanka is studied. The article shows that in relation to Rwanda, state dominance and divides are largely replicated in the diasporic space, while the Sri Lankan case provides examples of how Tamil diaspora engagement have been able to reverse power dynamics around TJ. Combining opportunity structures with the concept of ‘past presencing’, the article shows how diaspora groups appropriate and strategise in relation to the dominant norms and practices of TJ, and how in doing so the past is performed and experienced in ways which are both personally and politically meaningful.     

Health Risk,Inequality Indexes,and Environmental Justice

Inequality indexes have long been used to analyze distributions of income. Studies have recently begun to use these tools to evaluate the equity of distributions of environmental harm. In response, issues have been raised regarding the appropriateness of using income-based measures in the context of undesirable outcomes. We begin from first principles, identifying a theoretical preference structure under which income-based tools can be appropriate for ranking distributions of “bads.” While some critiques of existing applications are valid, they are not a justification for rejecting the approach altogether. Instead, we show how standard income-based measures can be adjusted to accommodate bad outcomes. Rather than inequality indexes, we argue that equally distributed equivalents (EDEs) are well-suited for this purpose since they account for levels and dispersion of outcome distributions. The Kolm–Pollak EDE is particularly useful, having the advantage of consistently evaluating both bads and their complementary goods (e.g., mortality risk and survival probability). As an illustration, we show how these tools can inform an environmental justice analysis of a proposed Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rule addressing indoor air pollution.     

遗失物招领付费之研究

随着商品经济的发展,人们的道德素养并未上升到“圣人”的高度,拾而不还的行为在现实中逐渐成为一种较为普遍的现象。经中外对比研究,发现给予拾物人报酬请求权是解决该问题的一条有效途径,而“拾金不昧”的道德缺失也为遗失物招领付费制度提供了土壤。遗失物招领付费的做法在法理和实践中均有可行性,但在报酬比例的认定及该权利的排除适用上须谨慎对待。     

扶贫政策的负外部性及其化解

在脱贫攻坚中,对重点贫困地区的精确瞄准与偏向投入,在一定程度上对非贫困县、非贫困村与非贫困户产生了必然的政策负外部性,表现为县域脱贫结构失衡、村庄帮扶悬崖效应与边缘人群争贫风险。究其原由,在公共政策过程中,竞争性的政策汲取、排他性的政策分配与分割性的政策评价是负外部性的三种发生机理。为此需要建立上下融合减贫机制,探索社区主导发展模式,拓展村民赋权参与空间,通过政策纠正、调适以消解和弥补政策负效应,强化政治决策与分配的正义性。     

试析刘安冤案

陈广忠认为,史书所载刘安"谋反"案为冤案,刘安的自杀有其多方面、多层次的原因.     

刑事和解制度研究

我国发达地区法院系统率先试行刑事和解制度,引发了对该制度公平性和合理性的广泛争议。刑事和解是20世纪70年代西方出现的一种刑事思潮,体现了刑事诉讼价值的多元化趋势,并且在很多国家已经成功的制度化,成为刑事诉讼程序外一种重要的纠纷解决机制。结合我国当前司法现状和基本国情,在一些现有的法律制度中融入刑事和解制度基本的"和解"和"恢复正义"的精神,有利于弥补我国刑事法律制度体系的不足,促进司法和谐。     

The Pinochet case: cosmopolitanism and intermestic human rights

This article explores the Pinochet case, widely heralded as a landmark, as a case of 'intermestic' human rights that raises difficult normative and empirical questions concerning cosmopolitan justice. The article is a contribution to the sociology of human rights from the perspective of methodological cosmopolitanism, developing conceptual tools and methods to study how cosmopolitanizing state institutions and cultural norms are inter-related. The argument is made that in order to understand issues of cosmopolitan justice, sociologists must give more consideration to political culture.     

试析我国的民事再审制度

我国现行的再审制度面临的是诉累的危机,启动这一程序必须要有严格的限制条件,对改变生效裁判的再审应设定严格的程序,将非常救济控制在“极端例外”的范围之内。