突发公共危机条件下公共物品供给主体的行为特征分析

地震等突发公共危机具有较强烈的破坏性,会导致公共物品的严重短缺,给人民生活和国民经济造成了极大的影响。在公共危机条件下,作为公共物品的供给主体——政府、企业和第三部门等的供给行为受到了很大冲击,严重影响了公共物品供给的效率和可持续性。文章在以上分析的基础上提出了在危机条件下的基于激励机制和监督机制上的以政府供给为主导,企业供给和第三部门供给相互支撑的多维框架下的多中心的供给新模式。     

心理弹性研究对危机干预工作的启示

危机干预和心理弹性的研究都是从危机情境出发,前者关注危机导致个体的不适应症状,后者关注危机中积极适应的个体。本文通过对心理弹性这一领域研究成果的梳理,并探讨传统危机干预的特点和模式,总结心理弹性研究对危机干预工作的启示：打破所有经历创伤情境的人都需要干预的假设,凸显评估的重要性;将负面情绪内化的个体更需要危机干预;重视情绪表达在危机干预中的作用;加强目标、计划在危机干预中的作用;在危机干预中提升当事人的心理弹性。     

A Critique of an Epistemic Intellectual Culture: Cartesianism,Normativism and Modern Crises

The so‐called epistemological turn of the Descartes‐Locke‐Kant tradition (Rorty) is a hallmark of modern philosophy. The broad family of normativism constitutes one major response to the Cartesian heritage building upon some version of the idea that human knowledge, action and sociality build fundamentally upon some form of social agreement and standards. Representationalism and the Cartesian picture more generally have been challenged by normativists but this paper argues that, even where these challenges by normativism have been taken to heart, our intellectual culture remains fundamentally epistemic in certain problematic senses. Two problems are highlighted: first, normativism remains functionally Cartesian, for human action and sociality appear as processes driven by the shared understandings by competent contributors (regardless of how these are constructed naturalistically), and second, normativism is unable to account for forms of human action and sociality other than those occurring in the relatively small worlds of normatively regulated conceptual spaces of mutual access and listening. These points are illustrated by an applied discussion of the blind spots of normativist accounts of the emerging environmental and the on‐going economic crises.     

Applying Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method to Evaluate Quality in Crisis and Emergency Management

With the development of modern society and the large usage of modern science and technology, the probability of a break out of crisis and emergency will be the highest in the history of mankind and the result will cause great suffering. Natural and political disaster can strike nearly anywhere. Therefore, people in the world now pay more attention to the effective management in crisis and emergency than ever before. This article attempts to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of crisis and emergency management from the point of view of quality using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The contents of this article consist of six parts: Introduction, literature review, the system of factors which might affect the quality in crisis and emergency management, modeling of evaluating quality in crisis and emergency management, a numerical example, and finally, discussions and suggestions.     

Crisis communication online: How medium,crisis type and emotions affected public reactions in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster

Social media play in today's societies a fundamental role for the negotiation and dynamics of crises. However, classical crisis communication theories neglect the role of the medium and focus mainly on the interplay between crisis type and crisis communication strategy. Building on the recently developed “networked crisis communication model” we contrast effects of medium (Facebook vs. Twitter vs. online newspaper) and crisis type (intentional vs. victim) in an online experiment. Using the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster as crisis scenario, we show that medium effects are stronger than the effects of crisis type. Crisis communication via social media resulted in a higher reputation and less secondary crisis reactions such as boycotting the company than crisis communication in the newspaper. However, secondary crisis communication, e.g. talking about the crisis communication, was higher in the newspaper condition than in the social media conditions because people consider traditional media as more credible. We also found higher levels of anger in the intentional crisis condition than in the victim crisis condition. Anger in turn was related to reputation, secondary crisis communication and secondary crisis reaction. The results stress the need for more complex models of crisis communication.     

Sports fans as crisis communicators on social media websites

Previous research has analyzed how organizations publicly respond in crisis situations. This study addresses a sports crisis, the University of Miami NCAA investigation, as an avenue for exploring how fans become surrogates for organizational crisis responses via the social media entity, Twitter. Using Coombs's (2007) strategy for reputation repair, analysis of 75 highly identified Miami fans with over 42,000 Twitter followers shows that fans were most likely to engage in (a) ingratiation, (b) reminder, (c) attack the accuser, and (d) divert attention as primary methods of coping with the scandal. New methods for reputation repair were also found within the analysis and implications for organizations, academic institutions, sports research, and crisis communication theory are articulated.     

Successful prevention may not be enough: A case study of how managing a threat triggers a threat

This case study examines student perceptions of a university's management of an alleged threat against their campus that was posted on Facebook. The timeline of events describes how the university's threat prevention response triggered a rumor crisis due to incomplete and poorly timed official information dissemination. A convenience sample of students completed questionnaires assessing perceptions of informal and formal communication about the alleged threat, satisfaction with threat prevention, and perceptions of the emergency text message system. Satisfaction with the university's response varied by students’ feelings of information adequacy. Some students resisted registering for the emergency notification system.     

大学生心理危机类型分析

大学生心理危机预防与干预是高校心理健康教育的重点,这成为近年来理论研究的热点。大学生心理危机是大学生个体或群体的心理能力在不足以面对困难情境时产生的,可能会发生对自身、他人或社会造成严重危害的短暂紧急性心理失衡状态;大学生心理危机具有发展性与存在性并存、潜在性与突发性并存、危害性与机遇性并存的特点;按引起大学生心理危机的主要原因,可以将大学生心理危机分类为:适应型大学生心理危机、学习压力型大学生心理危机、恋爱情感型大学生心理危机、人际关系型大学生心理危机、境遇型大学生心理危机、经济压力型大学生心理危机、就业压力型大学生心理危机、综合型大学生心理危机等。     

Mastering ‘Lady Credit’

This article politicizes current understandings of financial crises. It is argued that financial discourse, and specifically the discourse that locates financial crises in the realm of madness and delusion, is founded upon a distinctively masculine conception of agency. This argument is made by looking at early eighteenth-century debates concerning the emergence of credit and paper money. The article examines Daniel Defoe's satirical personification, Lady Credit. Lady Credit embodies all the irrational, inconstant and effeminate aspects that had to be purged from financial discourse before it was able to gain respectability as a rational, disinterested and scientific sphere of action. Lady Credit is not unlike ancient goddess, Fortuna, who ruled capriciously over the affairs of men. The financial discourse under examination implies that it is in times of crisis that financial man loses self-control and is prevented from seeing economic reality by the delusions that Lady Credit generates in him. Through the virile mastering of Lady Credit, it is implied, the smooth and neutral workings of the financial sphere are guaranteed. The article contends that this inherently gendered manner of understanding financial crises informs debates on financial crisis today, as can be exemplified by the public discussion on the recent crisis in Asia.     

金融危机后中小企业融资问题的思考

2008年开始的金融危机给中小企业造成严重的影响。在金融危机的冲击下,中小企业的资金链出现严重的问题,政府也为此相继出台了一系列的扶持政策。通过分析中小企业的融资现状,探讨了当前中小企业融资存在内源融资有限、外源融资单一、融资成本高、资信程度不高等问题,并就如何解决中小企业的资金问题提出了一些建议。