侗族“行歌坐月”的结构功能分析——基于一个南侗村落婚恋习俗的田野考察

"行歌坐月"用以指代侗族于"夜间的室内唱歌作乐"的相关习俗文化,来源于汉文典籍记载,它与侗语体系中的"甲寨"、"甲腊乜"、"俩腊乜"、"甲乌"、"瑞乜、"吝乜"、"览"等具有大致相同的指代对象。具体到阳烂侗族传统的"行歌坐月"主要指的是成长到一定年龄阶段特别是适婚的男性游走于大致相同年龄阶段的女性家进行"对歌抒情"的行为及其活动。目前,对于这一"行为及其活动"的研究,从尽可能多的文献资料查阅来看,关注的视角仍然主要集中在对事项本身的概括上,而将其视为一种社会事实进行细节的描述,当然也对其外延和内涵有了一定的探讨,但笔者认为仍还有可以进一步剖析的必要性。本文选择一个侗族文化氛围较浓的村落作为田野考察点,对其"行歌坐月"习俗进行结构功能的分析,以期达到"以小见大",更好地诠释社会、理解文化之目的。     

Income prospects and age-at-marriage

This paper provides an empirical investigation of a theoretical model of the marriage market. In the model, women are valued more for their ability to bear children and men are valued more for their ability to make money. Men cannot reveal their labor market ability to potential spouses until they enter the labor force. At the same time, the relevant information for evaluating females as spouses is revealed at a younger age. The model predicts that the income of males will be positively associated with age-at-first-marriage. We find empirical support for the model. However, we also find the association between male earnings and age-at-first-marriage becomes negative for those who married after age 30, which was not predicted by the model. Consistent with the model, we do not find a strong relationship between earnings and age-at-first-marriage among females. JEL classification: J1, J12 Received August 11, 1994 / Accepted August 10, 1995     

试论舜从妻居形态与虞、妫两族财产争夺案

《孟子》等古文献中所说舜之父瞽叟和舜弟象合谋害舜的传说故事,实际上反映了从母系氏族向对偶家庭发展过程中,男子的角色在从抚养和监护弟与外甥到抚养自己亲生子女的转变中出现的矛盾。舜从妻居并建立了对偶家庭,与固有的男子在母系氏族社会组织中所承担的义务和责任发生了冲突,并因财产争夺而引起了矛盾斗争。虞舜与其父其弟矛盾斗争的传说故事具有特殊的历史意义,为研究尧舜传说时代社会组织形态的进化提供了范例。     

The demography of American Indian families

This paper uses data from the decennial censuses to examine family structure and changes in family structure over time among American Indians. The information about the national Indian population indicates that the trends in family structure among American Indians are parallel in many respects to those in the general US population. That is, the percentage of young American Indian women who have never married has increased over time, the percentage of American Indian women who are divorced has increased over time, and the percentage of American Indian children who reside with a single parent has increased as well. The percentage of American Indian women who have never married and who are divorced and the percentage of American Indian children who live with a single parent are higher than those among the general population. The incidence of children living with single parents is especially high on some reservations which also have high levels of poverty and unemployment. Family patterns, however, vary considerably across reservations in ways that are not easily explained by differences in other demographic characteristics. These variations may be due to cultural and historical differences that are not captured in data collected in the censuses.     

土家族地区出生人口性别比失衡的调查分析

自20世纪90年代末以来,由于土家族女性的婚姻迁移,土家族地区的婚姻市场就呈现为男多女少格局,预演了出生人口性别比严重失衡的中国几十年内的性别后果。土家族地区男多女少的性别格局产生了三方面的性别后果：男性择偶困难;逐渐形成了“宁要两女也不要两男”的生育性别期望;已婚夫妻的权力关系向妻子倾斜。土家族地区的实践告诫人们：出生人口性别比失衡本是根深蒂固的男权文化借助现代B超技术的产物．侣却会在几十年后以同样残酷的方式惩罚着男性和罄个社会。     

从《醒世姻缘传》看明末官吏腐败

《醒世姻缘传》的结构框架是一个冤冤相报的两世姻缘故事,但在实际的行文过程中,作者以写实的手法,对晚明社会作了全面而深刻的再现与摹画,特别是对明代中后期以来的官吏堕落、腐败现象的揭露,让我们在历史之外对明末社会又多了一些生动形象的感性认识。