论武装冲突中文化财产保护的国际条约体系

文化财产是人类的宝贵财富,但饱受武装冲突的摧残与破坏。国际社会早在1899和1907年海牙公约体系中就规定了保护武装冲突中文化财产的规则。迄今为止,1954年海牙公约及其两个议定书,1899和1907年海牙公约中的相关规定,以及1949年日内瓦公约及其1977年附加议定书中保护文化财产的专门条款,构成了武装冲突中文化财产保护的国际条约体系。近些年的实例表明,虽然文化财产在武装冲突中仍然遭到破坏,但是,在武装冲突中更为尊重和保护文化财产是其主要发展趋势。     

历史诗学：一束绽放于历史领域的文学批评之花——兼论“历史诗学”与“文化诗学”之不同

海登·怀特对历史文本进行文学式解读，其历史研究是一种基于历史文本的文学批评实践。海登·怀特关于故事解释的模式是诸如原型批评、社会学和意识形态、新批评等多种文学批评理论的移植；话语转移理论则是一种新的文学批评理论。因而，尽管都被称为新历史主义文学批评，海登·怀特的新历史主义文学批评是对历史进行文学、文化批评的历史诗学，而格林布拉特的新历史主义文学批评则是对文学进行文化研究的文化诗学。     

文革记忆与后现代叙事——毕飞宇论

毕飞宇的文革记忆深刻影响了他对世界、人生的体验,从而影响了他的小说题材、主题和叙述方式,使之呈现出后现代小说的特征和“气质”。毕飞宇一直热衷于创作文革题材与准文革题材小说。一方面,对权力的体认和解构成为小说中最常见的主题;另一方面,他的小说常常运用“戏仿”修辞和“反讽”的叙事方式。     

文化力量与非主流人群的教育策略奥格布文化参照框架差异理论述评

美国少数民族学业成绩的多样性是美国教育面临的最大困境。本文试图通过介绍和评价美国教育人类学家奥格布的文化参照框架的差异理论对这一问题的解释和对策,以期为解决我国民族教育发展不平衡问题提供某些借鉴。     

Context,Cultural Bias,and Health Risk Perception: The “Everyday” Nature of Pesticide Policy Preferences in London,Calgary, and Halifax

Risk perception and the cultural theory of risk have often been contrasted in relation to risk‐related policy making; however, the local context in which risks are experienced, an important component of everyday decision making, remains understudied. What is unclear is the extent to which localized community beliefs and behaviors depend on larger belief systems about risk (i.e., worldviews). This article reports on a study designed to understand the relative importance of health risk perceptions (threat of harm); risk‐related worldviews (cultural biases); and the experiences of local context (situated risk) for predicting risk‐related policy preferences regarding cosmetic pesticides. Responses to a random telephone questionnaire are used to compare residents’ risk perceptions, cultural biases, and pesticide bylaw preferences in Calgary (Alberta), Halifax (Nova Scotia), and London (Ontario), Canada. Logistic regression shows that the most important determinants of pesticide bylaw preference are risk perception, lack of benefit, and pesticide “abstinence.” Though perception of health risk is the best single predictor of differences in bylaw preferences, social factors such as gender and situated risk factors like conflict over chemical pesticides, are also important. Though cultural biases are not important predictors of pesticide bylaw preference, as in other studies, they are significant predictors of health risk perception. Pesticide bylaw preference is therefore more than just a health risk perception or worldview issue; it is also about how health risk becomes situated—contextually—in the experiences of residents’ everyday lives.     

蒙·元时期的波斯与中国

蒙·元时期蒙古人的西征和扩张以及由此形成的政治格局,致使亚欧陆地境域获得全面开放,加之东西方驿站通道的设置及伊利汗国与元廷始终保持着陆、海两道的密切联系,乃使这一时期中国与波斯的交往,较之以往大为拓展。而这时特殊的政治环境,又为大量波斯地区的回回人自觉或不自觉地东向迁移提供了便捷的条件。可以说,蒙·元时期中国与波斯间的人口往来,始终未曾间断。而随着他们的东来,波斯地区的学术、技艺等亦随之传播到元朝,因而大大丰富了中国文化的内容,并对元代中国文化产生了重大影响。     

阿拉伯-伊斯兰世界群体文化心理蠡测(上)

曾经的辉煌与当下的衰败、曾经的核心与目前的边缘化所造成的失落感,三大圣地、《古兰经》与先知穆罕默德的相继蒙羞和遭辱所带来的受辱感,历史的创伤记忆与现实的生存困窘共同积淀成了一种顽强的集体潜意识,形成阿拉伯—伊斯兰民众仇恨与暴力相交织的心理死结,外现为以暴易暴、铤而走险甚至不断丧失自我。因此,阿拉伯—伊斯兰世界应在不断抵抗西方霸权主义对中东诸多利益的制衡中,努力变革滞后于全球化主潮的落后现状。否则,将面临更为严重的民族和地区的倒退,危及世界和平与稳定。     

城镇化进程中的文化经济探析

文化与经济一体化已成为当代经济和文化的发展趋向。文化经济对城镇化的推进作用亦不可替代。城镇化进程中必须认真盘点区域文化经济 ,以准确定位城镇性质、寻求历史与现实的“共生空间” ;同时还应合理利用区域文化资源 ,创造景观文化、发掘旅游文化、注重名牌文化等 ,以增强城镇的生命力和竞争力     

‘Nobody should feel alone.’ Re-introducing socially excluded,cultural and ethnic minority children and young people to educational and vocational opportunity

This article reports on some of the findings from a five-nation study of projects working to re-introduce cultural and ethnic minority children and young people to educational training and work. It focuses upon the work of independent mediators in Anderlecht (Brussels) and Den Helder (Holland) in facilitating communication and collaboration between students, families, welfare and criminal justice agencies, schools and colleges and employers. In particular it considers the mediator's role in bringing together the ‘minimum sufficient network’ of professionals and resources necessary to make an ‘intelligent’ response to a problematic situation and the consequent emergence of new forms of ‘meta-professionalism’.     

A Typical American Family? How Adoptive Families Acknowledge and Incorporate Chinese Cultural Heritage in their Lives

When a child from China is adopted by U.S. parents, the adoptive family must address questions about if, when, how, and how much to acknowledge the birth cultural heritage of their child. This paper addresses these concerns by presenting findings of a study that examined ways families address the myriad issues surrounding cultural heritage. Drawing on work by H. David Kirk, D. M. Brodzinsky (Brodzinsky, Schechter, & Henig, 1992. Being adopted: The lifelong search for self. New York: Anchor Books), and others, a conceptual framework is presented to aid in understanding the dynamics involved in emphasizing (or de-emphasizing) cultural heritage Second, results of a web-based survey that extends the results of earlier work on cultural heritage in families with children adopted from China (Rojewski & Rojewski, 2001. Intercountry adoption from China: Examining cultural-heritage and other post-adoption issues. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey) are presented. Specific findings reveal the range of actions taken by adoptive parents on (a) how families cope with family-child differences, (b) how families acknowledge the child’s birth culture and heritage (e.g., acknowledging birth cultural heritage and culturally-related events, having contact with other Chinese children and adults), and (c) the perceived benefits and importance of incorporating Chinese cultural heritage into family life. Results add to an emerging baseline for understanding the range of responses adoptive families have to address issues of Chinese heritage, as well as trends in the reasoning parents use when deciding about cultural heritage-related issues.