图式更新:文学语篇之宏观语用功能

基于以往的文学语用研究,揭示文学语篇的深层语用功能,即认知图式更新。受到元语用意识的驱动,作家通过构建独特的语言、语篇结构及世界图式以更新读者的认知图式,并对其今后的阅读产生长久影响。     

社会语境中的语言模式：语篇分析及其启示

马丁在《语篇研究——跨越小句的意义》一书中，提出社会语境中的语言模式（the model of languagein social context）。这一模式适用于社会语篇的分析。主要运用这一模式分析美国前总统克林顿针对美国校园暴力犯罪的施政讲话，证实其实际效用，并指出这一模式下的语篇分析对我国网络环境下外语教学的启示作用。     

曹禺戏剧话语的叙事策略：纵横交错的叙述

曹禺戏剧中有大量的叙述话语,这些叙述话语一方面为剧场演出进行必要的环境交待和角色阐释,另一方面却又以"不可靠的叙述"、"客观描写的主观意向"、"角色介绍的未完成性"等语言策略设置语义迷宫。要穿越这个语义迷宫,不仅需要读者的细致敏锐,还需要借助文本各部分之间,甚至是文本与文本之间的对比参照。     

MODEST CHANGES,BIG REVOLUTIONS

In this paper we propose a psychosociological critical theory, which can be applied modestly in particular contexts such as families, organizations and communities. We use discourse analysis as an empirical action-research method, able to study and see families as protagonists with their own history and local culture. We have developed two methodologies, analysis of dominant and alternative discourses and a dialogue based on naïve questions, which have allowed the creation of a link between individual problems and social issues, and have empowered people to do something for themselves and their community. Our methodologies have led us to create a critical and reflective research to resolve psychological problems in families and, at the same time, change the attitudes of their members to more complex social problems, such as gender discrimination, violence, impunity, asymmetric power relations and racism. We propose that social researchers, in particular in Latin America, will take a reflective, critical and political stance, aimed not only at developing knowledge, but also at promoting socio-cultural changes for the families and their communities as a part of the political transformation of society.     

浅析英语学术讲座语篇的语段分析法及其听力理解

语段分析法是揭示讲座语篇宏观结构的一种有效方法，根据系统功能观，结合语义功能和语言选择的对应关系，可从概念、人际及语篇三元功能角度对学术讲座语篇进行语段结构的描写和分析。语段分析法对语言教学，尤其是听力教学具有指导意义，即学生通过反复接触具有这类宏观结构的语篇就能逐步形成相应的图武，这一结构图式能帮助他们有效地处理语篇信息。     

性别角色差异在话语间接程度中的体现

仅仅用"直接的"和"间接的"两个形容词来区分男女的话语风格特点过于绝对和片面,不能解释生理性别与性别角色不相符的现象.话语间接程度是一个连续统一体,最低间接程度和最高间接程度分列两极.话语分析中的直接与间接程度应从相对而非绝对的角度去分析判断.     

Attachment, Parent–Child Discourse and Theory-of-Mind Development

This study investigated the relations among attachment, mother–child discourse, and theory of mind in a sample of 76 four‐year‐old children (mean age = 4.48 years; 36 boys). Mother–child conversations about a past event were coded for maternal use of elaborative discourse and mothers' references to mental states. Mothers completed the attachment q‐sort and children completed four false‐belief tasks. Results revealed that maternal conversational elaboration was a significant predictor of children's theory‐of‐mind performance, whereas maternal mental state references and attachment security were not. The findings provide further evidence for the importance of discourse in children's theory‐of‐mind development.     

Weapons of Mass Distraction: Magicianship,Misdirection, and the Dark Side of Legitimation1

Most discussions of legitimation focus on factors that are expected to contribute to it, such as tradition, expertise, or prosperity. Less attention has been paid to “the dark side” of legitimation, which depends heavily on evading attention. A potentially informative approach is to learn from professionals with special expertise in evading attention while making things “disappear”—magicians. Rather than seeking overt control over the audience, they perform in plain view, largely by using well‐timed distractions, or “misdirection.” Preliminary evidence suggests that similar techniques may be widely used in political contexts, with some of the most effective forms of misdirection involving diversionary reframing—diverting attention away from any questions about existing distributions of privilege, not by brute force, but by changing the subject, especially by raising questions about the legitimacy of critics. These and related techniques clearly deserve to be the focus of additional research.     

Situational Crime Prevention and its Discontents: Rational Choice Theory versus the 'Culture of Now'

The rational choice theory of crime and its cognate field of study, situational crime prevention, have exerted a considerable influence in criminal justice policy and criminology. This article argues that, while undeniably useful as a means of reducing property or acquisitive crime, rational choice‐inspired situational crime prevention initiatives are limited when it comes to offering protection against a growing number of so‐called ‘expressive crimes’. Developing this critique, the article will criticize the sociologically hollow narrative associated with rational choice theories of crime by drawing on recent research in social theory and consumer studies. It argues that the growing tendency among many young individuals to engage in certain forms of criminal decision‐making ‘strategies’ may simply be the by‐product of a series of subjectivities and emotions that reflect the material values and cultural logic associated with late modern consumerism.     

指称在语篇中的顺应性解释

指称是语篇衔接的重要手段之一,是语篇分析研究的一个重要内容。Verschueren提出的顺应论认为语言的选择和使用要顺应语境,而语境是动态生成的。文章试图从指称的方式即人称指称、指示指称、比较指称三个方面,结合语境因素,来探讨指称在语篇中意义表达的动态顺应性。