Parenthood,risk attitudes and risky behavior

This study analyzes how risk attitudes change when individuals experience the major life event of becoming a parent by using longitudinal data for a large and representative sample of individuals from Germany. The analysis uses a survey-based measure of risk aversion. The estimation is based on an individual fixed effects model similar to an event study. On average, men and women experience a considerable increase in risk aversion around the time of first childbirth. This increase already starts as early as two years before they become parents, it is largest shortly after childbirth and it disappears when the child becomes older. When analyzing risky choices, the results indicate that risky labor market behavior remains unaffected by parenthood.     

Managing Knowledge Creation in High‐Tech R&D Projects: A Multimethod Study

R&D projects in high‐tech organizations bring together diverse knowledge domains to quickly develop new products and processes. The fast‐paced context of high‐tech organizations makes it challenging to create new knowledge and solve complex problems. Managing these R&D projects requires understanding both the mechanisms and the type of knowledge created to achieve project objectives. This research conducts a two‐phased multimethod study to understand knowledge creation in high‐tech R&D projects. The first phase uses qualitative data to develop a theory on knowledge creation in R&D projects. The second phase involves a survey that collects data from R&D projects to test the theory. Results from the case study find that R&D projects benefit from two types of knowledge – objective and intuitive. The case analyses show that intuitive and objective knowledge creation in high‐tech organizations occurs by creating not only diverse but also psychological safe project teams. The large‐scale survey finds that team diversity positively influences objective knowledge creation while psychological safety affects intuitive knowledge creation. Surprisingly, the results show that team diversity negatively affects intuitive knowledge creation. A post hoc analysis takes a more granular look at diversity and shows that different kinds of diversity have different effects on knowledge creation. This helps to better explain how to manage innovation across boundaries. Finally, the analysis shows that both objective and intuitive knowledge influence R&D project performance. Taken together, these results help explain how to manage innovation across functional boundaries to create knowledge and enhance R&D project performance.      

COMMON COMPONENTS OF RISK AND UNCERTAINTY ATTITUDES ACROSS CONTEXTS AND DOMAINS: EVIDENCE FROM 30 COUNTRIES

Attitudes towards risk and uncertainty have been indicated to be highly context‐dependent, and to be sensitive to the measurement technique employed. We present data collected in controlled experiments with 2,939 subjects in 30 countries measuring risk and uncertainty attitudes through incentivized measures as well as survey questions. Our data show clearly that measures correlate not only within decision contexts or measurement methods, but also across contexts and methods. This points to the existence of one underlying “risk preference”, which influences attitudes independently of the measurement method or choice domain. We furthermore find that answers to a general and a financial survey question correlate with incentivized lottery choices in most countries. Incentivized and survey measures also correlate significantly between countries. This opens the possibility to conduct cultural comparisons on risk attitudes using survey instruments.     

UNEMPLOYED BUT OPTIMISTIC: OPTIMAL INSURANCE DESIGN WITH BIASED BELIEFS

This paper analyzes how biased beliefs about employment prospects affect the optimal design of unemployment insurance. Empirically, I find that the unemployed greatly overestimate how quickly they will find work. As a consequence, they would search too little for work, save too little for unemployment and deplete their savings too rapidly when unemployed. I analyze the use of the “sufficient‐statistics” formula to characterize the optimal unemployment policy when beliefs are biased and revisit the desirability of providing liquidity to the unemployed. I also find that the optimal unemployment policy may involve increasing benefits during the unemployment spell.     

研发能力、市场竞争与上市物流企业创新绩效提升 ——基于TOE框架的组态分析

通过整合TOE框架,以80家上市物流企业为样本,利用模糊集定性比较分析法fsQCA,研究上市物流企业产生高与非高创新绩效的组态路径,分析三重层面因素影响上市物流企业创新绩效的驱动和抑制路径。结果发现,在5条产生高创新绩效和4条产生非高创新绩效的组态路径中,均存在三重层面之间的替代关系。其中,高创新绩效有“创新-竞争驱动型”“研发-竞争驱动型”“三重层面并驱型”和“结构-竞争驱动型”4种不同模式,且在4种模式中均存在市场竞争势力的共性因素;企业研发能力和市场竞争势力均为核心变量,在促进上市物流企业创新绩效中发挥着至关重要的作用。     

Posting Signs on the Bog: Fixing and Unfixing H.D., Imagiste

This article aims to reassess the modernist poet H.D.'s early poetry and to challenge certain critical readings of the early poetry in relation to H.D.'s expression of self. It argues that H.D.'s Sea Garden should not be dismissed as a false start, as a place where H.D. was trapped in a restrictive imagist aesthetic, but that the dramatic lyric as used in this collection of poetry enabled her to explore her bisexual self in multiple and multiplying (not split) selves, as both in a state of flux and as enduring through time. It examines H.D.'s work alongside other writers such as Tennyson and Woolf, drawing out common metaphorical structures and patterns and suggests that Woolf and H.D. in particular, were producing literary forms and representations which provide a radical challenge to processes of categorization—a challenge to the notion of category itself.     

中间品贸易自由化如何影响企业研发投入：来自我国微观企业层面的证据

为探究中间品贸易自由化对企业研发投入产生的影响,我们利用关税数据、2000-2006年的规模以上的工业企业数据、中国海关产品层面的贸易数据共三套数据,将其合并后,先后采用基准固定效应、倾向得分匹配法和双重差分倾向得分匹配法进行检验,得到一致估计结果：中间品贸易自由化的不断推进有效地促进了企业研发投入。随后,我们利用逐步检验法估计中介效应,探讨了中间品贸易自由化影响企业研发投入的机制路径,结果表明中间品贸易自由化可以通过侵蚀企业利润、提高企业出口规模和加剧市场竞争间接促使企业提高研发投入,带动产业转型升级。本文的结果可以为中国当前的贸易自由化政策提供参考依据。     

战略性新兴产业研发人员胜任素质模型构建研究

如何招聘、甄选和培训高素质的研发人员以及考核其工作绩效,充分发挥研发人员的作用,是战略性新兴产业创新发展面临的一个重要议题.本研究以沈阳某航空制造集团研发人员为样本,运用行为事件访谈法以及问卷调查等研究方法,构建出战略性新兴产业研发人员胜任力模型.战略性新兴产业研发人员胜任力模型由动力与行为、工作态度价值观、人际关系能力、知识与技能四个维度组成,共十八项胜任力指标.本研究丰富和完善了胜任力模型理论,而且对战略性新兴企业管理实践具有重要的参考价值.     

融资结构、创新阶段与企业创新投入

认为激励技术领先企业的突破性技术创新和先进适用技术在技术相对落后企业的推广和应用,是目前科技创新研究的重点和热点.从企业资本结构角度入手,分析不同融资渠道对企业创新投资决策的影响,并研究企业所处创新阶段对上述关系的调节.认为处于较高创新阶段的企业,其股权融资占比与创新投入呈正相关关系;处于较低创新阶段企业的债权融资占比与技术创新投入呈正比;除"创造技术阶段"企业外,营运资本对企业R&D投资均体现出显著的平滑作用,并提出了相关的政策建议.