All on board? New evidence on board gender diversity from a large panel of European firms

Using a unique database of over 20 million firms over two decades, we examine industry sector and national institution drivers of the prevalence of women directors on supervisory and management boards in both public and private firms across 41 advanced and emerging European economies. We demonstrate that gender board diversity has generally increased, yet women remain rare in both boards of firms in Europe: approximately 70% have no women directors on their supervisory boards, and 60% have no women directors on management boards. We leverage institutional and resource dependency theoretical frameworks to demonstrate that few systematic factors are associated with greater gender diversity for both supervisory and management boards among both private and public firms: the same factor may exhibit a positive correlation to a management board, and a negative correlation to a supervisory board, or vice versa. We interpret these findings as evidence that country-level gender equality and cultural institutions exhibit differentiated correlations with the presence of women directors in management and supervisory boards. We also find little evidence that sector-level competition and innovativeness are systematically associated with the presence of women on either board in either group of firms.     

基于流程分析技术的企业现场管理优化

根据目前许多国内企业现场管理中的物流混乱、生产不均衡、废次品多、消耗高、效率低下等现状,通过采用5S方法和流程分析技术对离散型企业现场管理中存在问题的分析,得到了兼具生产控制、物料管理、设备管理、技术管理、现场环境和安全管理等职能的现场管理综合模式,使企业的人力资源投入成本降低了30%,材料利用率提高了25%,总体生产效率提高了45%。     

基于时滞混沌系统的带密钥Hash函数的设计与分析

提出了一种基于时滞混沌系统的带密钥Hash函数算法,该算法利用时滞混沌系统非线性动力学特性,将需要传送的明文信息调制在时滞混沌迭代的轨迹中,并通过HMAC-MD5算法计算得出Hash值,Hash值的每个比特都与需传送的明文信息相关。该算法使Hash值对明文信息及时滞混沌迭代初始条件的微小变化高度敏感。理论分析和仿真结果均表明,该算法在保证Hash值的混乱性和散布性的同时,由于其混沌特性的加入而增大了参数空间,并且混沌Hash值与初始明文信息之间的非线性关系可以有效地抵御线性分析。因此,本文设计的基于时滞混沌系统的Hash函数算法具有很好的安全性、抗碰撞性和抗攻击能力,在数字签名等认证技术领域有很好的应用前景。     

Trust in humans and robots: Economically similar but emotionally different

Trust-based interactions with robots are increasingly common in the marketplace, workplace, on the road, and in the home. However, a valid concern is that people may not trust robots as they do humans. While trust in fellow humans has been studied extensively, little is known about how people extend trust to robots. Here we compare trust-based investments and self-reported emotions from across three nearly identical economic games: human-human trust games, human-robot trust games, and human-robot trust games where the robot decision impacts another human. Robots in our experiment mimic humans: they are programmed to make reciprocity decisions based on previously observed behaviors by humans in analogous situations. We find that people invest similarly in humans and robots. By contrast the social emotions (i.e., gratitude, anger, pride, guilt) elicited by the interactions (but not the non-social emotions) differed across human and robot trust games. Emotional reactions depended on the trust game interaction, and how another person was affected.     

对外直接投资和外部冲击对东南亚经济增长的影响研究——基于东南亚五国GVAR模型的实证研究

利用1986~2016年新加坡、泰国、菲律宾、马来西亚和印度尼西亚5个东南亚国家的相关统计数据,在考虑各国内在经济联系的基础上,构建GVAR模型考察对外直接投资、外部冲击和经济增长三者之间的动态关系。研究结果表明,东南亚五国对外直接投资对国内经济增长的影响具有明显的差异性,菲律宾和泰国对外直接投资对国内经济增长的影响为正效应,新加坡、马来西亚和印度尼西亚对外直接投资对国内经济增长的影响为负效应。东南亚五国对外直接投资对国外经济增长具有不同程度的正向促进作用。国际经济的外部冲击对东南亚五国经济增长具有重要影响,短期内国际原油价格上涨对东南亚五国经济增长具有积极的推动作用。因此,为确保国内经济的稳定发展,政府应该从本国国情、他国经济和国际经济环境三个方面综合考量“走出去”战略,同时应该制定相关政策鼓励国外企业“走进来”。     

Factors associated with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor treatment satisfactions: results of patient interrogation

Introduction. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor therapy is an efficacious means of treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED). PDE5 inhibitors supply penile erection by inhibiting the hydrolysis of cGMP and therefore relaxing the corpus cavernosum. In this study, retrospective evaluation of those patients who were admitted to our clinic with the complaint of ED and who were recommended on PDE5 inhibitor treatment in terms of follow-up results and patient satisfaction were aimed.

Method. The patients were called by phone and after informing about the study and taking the informed consent, patient satisfaction with the treatment, purposes of withdrawal, treatment alterations and partner satisfaction were investigated.

Results. Interviews were made with 345 patients, who accepted to enroll in the study and the mean patient age was 56 ± 11.2 years. Of the patients 66.4% were learned to be satisfied with the treatment. It was determined that 10.7% of the patients have never used the medication and 50% could not continue because of high drug cost. It was recognised that 50.2% of the patients who are not satisfied with the treatment tried another PDE5 inhibitor. The success rate of the treatment was found to be higher in the followed-up group than those losses to follow-up.

Conclusion. Therapy with PDE5 inhibitors is an effective means of ED treatment. The importance of doctor-patient communication should be considered, and the patient should be advised for adaptation to follow-up program. High drug cost is a significant predictor of patient compliance to treatment continuation.     

Bayesian optimization analysis with ML-II ε-contaminated prior

In this paper we derive the predictive density function of a future observation when prior distribution for unknown mean of a normal population is a Type-II maximum likelihood ε-contaminated prior. The derived predictive distribution is applied to the problem of optimization of a regression nature in the decisive prediction framework.     

基于5W2H法浅析传统文化与大学生德育的融合

本文引入5W2H 分析方法,探究中国传统文化与当代大学生德育工作的融合点和切入点,涉及到为什么研究(Why)、研究主体是谁(Who)、研究什么(What)、何时研究(When)、何地研究(Where)、怎样研究(How)和研究得怎样(However)等七个问题,对同类问题的研究引入了新思路,提供了新方法.     

基于政策网络理论的PM2．5政策制定研究

从政策网络结构、政策网络特征、政策网络成员三个方面对我国PM2．5政策网络中政策的制定进行分析。目前,我国PM2．5政策网络结构由政策社群、府际网络、生产者网络、专业网络和议题网络五个部分组成,但存在中心度不同、参与度有差别和互动程度不高等问题,因此,需要通过对PM2．5政策网络主体进行分析,找到有效解决中心度、参与度和互动度等问题的途径,以便有效制定PM2．5的政策。     

Response to Miccio-Fonseca (2015) and Defeo (2015) Concerning Commentary About DSM-5 Sexual Disorders Section

ABSTRACT

Responses by Miccio-Fonseca (2015) and DeFeo (2015) to a commentary by Ross on problems with the sexual disorders sections of DSM-5 are based on a misunderstanding of Ross’s article (2015a). Miccio-Fonseca and DeFeo describe what they consider to be confusion and misunderstanding in Ross’s opinions about gender, sexuality, and related topics. However, Ross offered no personal opinions in his commentary and was focused solely on inconsistencies and contradictions within DSM-III, DSM-IV, and DSM-5.