Commentary: Problems with the Sexual Disorders Sections of DSM-5

There are a number of problems with the sexual disorders sections of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition. These problems must be understood in a historical context, namely the evolution of criteria for psychosexual disorders from DSM-II (1968) to DSM-5 (2013). There are many inconsistencies in the DSM-5 criteria for different sexual disorders. Given these inconsistencies—and the history of diagnostic criteria for homosexuality and gender identity disorder from DSM-II to DSM-5—it is possible that, like homosexuality, DSM-5 gender dysphoria could disappear from future editions of the manual. Even if that does not happen, there are numerous problems with the DSM-5 sexual disorders that require attention.     

Salvage therapy trial for erectile dysfunction using phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and vitamin E: Preliminary report

We report our initial experience with salvage therapy for low responders to PDE-5 inhibitors by adding vitamin E. Of 89 patients with ED who visited our clinic between January 2004 to August 2006, 9 were unable to obtain a full response to a PDE-5 inhibitor and included in the present study. After providing informed consent, each was given 300 mg per day of α-tocophenol at least 1 month and completed IIEF-5 questionnaires to assess its efficacy while also taking a PDE-5 inhibitor. With α-tocophenol administration, the average IIEF-5 score increased from 13.8 ± 3.2 to 17.1 ± 3.6. Four of seven patients who completed the questionnaire each time showed improved IIEF-5 scores, with a maximum elevation of 9 points. Further, eight of the nine patients experienced favourable subjective changes, the majority being increased penile rigidity. The present clinical trial results are, to our knowledge, the first known to show the effects of vitamin E for enhancing the efficacy of a PDE-5 inhibitor.     

Monetary policy and its transmission mechanisms in Eritrea

The main purpose of this study is to identify the best practices of monetary policy implementation in the Eritrean economy. As such, the paper examines what kind of monetary policy and transmission mechanisms are relevant to the Eritrean economy. It also addresses which channels are effective and which are not and why. Vector Autoregressive modelling is employed over the study period 1996Q1–2008Q4. This paper addresses the argument that the bank lending is the sole functioning channel in low income economies. We find that interest rate and official exchange rate channels are inoperative. However, effective exchange rate and credit channels exist through the black foreign exchange market and credit issued to the government sector. The main policy implication of this study is that the Bank of Eritrea might be able to control inflation through manipulating the reserve requirement ratio.     

5-6岁儿童学习习惯现状及影响因素研究

幼儿学习习惯是学习品质的重要内容,关系到幼儿的入学准备与入学适应。以A省C市公办G幼儿园为例,选取164名5-6岁儿童为研究对象,基于父母视角对5-6岁儿童学习习惯进行评定,考察5-6岁儿童学习习惯的发展现状及影响因素。结果表明：父母视角下5-6岁儿童学习习惯总体情况不容乐观;幼儿学习习惯存在显著的性别差异;父母年龄与受教育程度对5-6岁儿童学习习惯影响不显著;家庭子女数量影响5-6岁儿童整体学习习惯及常规行为表现;家庭经济收入影响幼儿学习习惯中的策略使用情况。主要建议：父母要重视5-6岁儿童学习习惯的培养,提升自己关于幼儿学习习惯的认知;了解5-6岁儿童学习习惯的影响因素,找准改善幼儿学习习惯的突破口;掌握幼儿学习习惯培养的具体策略,提升幼儿学习习惯培育成效。     

晋文公重耳出亡考

晋文公重耳出亡诸事,史籍记录互有舛误,或语焉不详。本文考证重耳出亡诸事,认为重耳出亡共计19年,从僖公五年开始,12年居狄,僖公16年首次过卫邑五鹿,五鹿地望在河北省大名县,本为卫邑,城濮之战后为晋所有。至齐,居留3年,僖公十八年离齐,再次过卫都,过曹,至宋,在宋4年,宋、楚泓之战宋兵败后,僖公二十三年春离开宋国。过郑,居楚数月,至秦,冬十二月入晋为君。     

3-甲基-5-（2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯-1-基）-2,4-戊二烯基膦酸二烷基酯的合成工艺改进

β-紫罗兰酮和1-膦酸酯基-2-溴乙烷在锌存在条件下,经历偶联反应得到3-甲基-5-（2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯-1-基）-2,4-戊二烯基膦酸二乙酯,含量为92%,收率45%,此产物是维生素A和类胡萝卜素的重要中间体.     

Zn（Ⅱ）—H2QS—Zeph荧光光度法测定微量锌的研究

本文研究了表面活性剂（ＳＡＳ）氯化十四烷基苄胺（Ｚｅｐｈ）存在下，锌（Ⅱ）与８－羟基喹啉－５－磺酸（Ｈ２ＱＳ）的荧光反应及适宜的反应条件。实验表明：ＰＨ７．５０～８．１０，以氯仿卒取溶剂激发波长λｅｘ＝４００ｎｍ，荧光波长λｎｍ＝６００ｎｍ处进行荧光强度测定。在０～６ｕｇ／１０ｍｌ范围内锌量与相对荧光强度呈良好的线笥关系，灵敏度呆达０．７７ｕｇ／１０ｍｌＣＨＣ１３，标准偏差Ｓ＝０．９８。     

现代企业形象的基本特征和理论范畴

本文阐述和分析了现代社会条件下 ,形象及企业形象的基本涵义和基本特征 ,企业形象的特殊价值 ,概括和论证了企业形象理论研究的五对范畴及基本形态 ,力求揭示现代企业形象塑造的方法和途径。     

当前部分少数民族欠发达地区农村劳动力之发展困境与出路——甘肃积石山县保安东乡撒拉回土五族农村劳动力发展状况调查

根据在甘肃省积石山县保安、东乡、撒拉、回、土五族农村中所做的实地调查 ,本文对当前部分少数民族欠发达地区带有一定普遍性的农村劳动力之发展困境及其原因等问题进行了探讨 ,同时 ,对于如何摆脱这些困境也提出了一些对策和思路     

论李光耀的经济思想

本文以《李光耀 40年政论选》为依据 ,围绕李光耀执政期间所实施的一系列经济政策 ,从经济发展的政府行为、经济发展的战略选择、经济发展的动力机制等三个方面 ,总结评述了李光耀的经济思想。