使能技术集成对产品开发绩效的影响

本文以项目管理、全面质量管理、正式会议和标准与规范为组织惯例的观测变量。以技术集成、组织集成、产品平台技术、标准化与模块化为使能技术集成的观测变量。将产品开发绩效定义为产品上市时间和产品的质量与可靠性。探讨机械装备产品开发过程中使能技术集成对组织惯例与产品开发绩效是否具有中介作用。本文引用国际制造业战略调查(InternationalManufacturing Strategy Survey,IMSS-Ⅳ)数据库的部分数据以结构方程式建立实证模型。结果表明,组织惯例之所以能够正面影响产品开发绩效是由于使能技术集成的中介效应所致。     

Evaluating theory-based evaluation: information, norms, and adherence

Programmatic social interventions attempt to produce appropriate social-norm-guided behavior in an open environment. A marriage of applicable psychological theory, appropriate program evaluation theory, and outcome of evaluations of specific social interventions assures the acquisition of cumulative theory and the production of successful social interventions - the marriage permits us to advance knowledge by making use of both success and failures. We briefly review well-established principles within the field of program evaluation, well-established processes involved in changing social norms and social-norm adherence, the outcome of several program evaluations focusing on smoking prevention, pro-environmental behavior, and rape prevention and, using the principle of learning from our failures, examine why these programs often do not perform as expected. Finally, we discuss the promise of learning from our collective experiences to develop a cumulative science of program evaluation and to improve the performance of extant and future interventions.     

Robust ridge and robust Liu estimator for regression based on the LTS estimator

In the multiple linear regression analysis, the ridge regression estimator and the Liu estimator are often used to address multicollinearity. Besides multicollinearity, outliers are also a problem in the multiple linear regression analysis. We propose new biased estimators based on the least trimmed squares (LTS) ridge estimator and the LTS Liu estimator in the case of the presence of both outliers and multicollinearity. For this purpose, a simulation study is conducted in order to see the difference between the robust ridge estimator and the robust Liu estimator in terms of their effectiveness; the mean square error. In our simulations, the behavior of the new biased estimators is examined for types of outliers: X-space outlier, Y-space outlier, and X-and Y-space outlier. The results for a number of different illustrative cases are presented. This paper also provides the results for the robust ridge regression and robust Liu estimators based on a real-life data set combining the problem of multicollinearity and outliers.     

Finding a routine that works: A mixed methods study of foster parents

Although it is well established that daily routines are important for family well‐being, very little research has been done on how foster parents establish and integrate new foster children into family routines. We used a mixed‐methods, cross‐sectional design, focused on qualitative results to explore how foster parents utilize routines. Twenty‐three foster parents were recruited from a private child welfare agency in a large city in the United States. Surveys were administered to obtain demographic information, overall home atmosphere, and the importance and prevalence of different routines, including mealtimes and sleep schedules. Nine foster parents received a semistructured interview with open‐ended questions. Foster parents reported that routines such as bedtimes, mealtimes, chores, and homework were essential to family well‐being. Because both parents and children had to adjust to living together in an intimate family environment, it was important to establish routines quickly. Foster parents modified routines depending on their child's needs. Along with typical family routines, foster parents reported additional tasks, such as visits with biological parents, meetings with caseworkers, and trainings that affected their family schedule. Results imply that training foster care workers and foster parents about routines can engender stability and emotional belonging for children.     

Maternal involvement and adolescents' psychological and academic adjustment after COVID-19 return-to-school: A one-year longitudinal study

The current study examined the idea that maternal involvement during the COVID-19 school closure period could contribute to the development of adolescents' daily routines, which could ultimately associate with their psychological and academic adjustment after return-to-school. Data were collected from 520 Chinese adolescents (M_age = 12.75 years, SD_age = 1.48 years) and their mothers during the COVID-19 school closure and one year after return-to-school. Results indicated that maternal involvement in both education and leisure activities predicted more consistent adolescents' daily routines during the school closure period and then contributed to their more consistent daily routines after return-to-school, resulting in less psychological maladjustment and better academic outcomes. Findings highlight the importance of maternal involvement and daily routines in the context of COVID-19.     

动态能力、价值活动演化与代工企业转型

文章在分析动态能力、价值活动演化和代工企业转型内在作用机理的基础上，借助遗传算法构建代工企业价值活动演化的仿真模型，利用计算机仿真考察代工企业动态能力的三个测量维度，即环境洞察能力、资源动态获取能力和资源整合能力对价值活动演化和企业转型的影响。研究表明，在动态能力作用下，代工企业通过运营惯例的模仿和创新，使价值活动从低端向高端跃迁，实现成功转型。环境洞察能力、资源动态获取能力和资源整合能力越强，企业价值活动越可能朝着价值创造水平更高的方向演化，代工企业越容易成功转型。     

不同信任情景下双元创新对网络惯例的影响

已有研究表明网络惯例是维持并协调技术创新网络运行的关键因素,但是网络惯例形成等方面的研究相对缺乏。探讨不同类型组织间信任情景下技术创新网络中企业的双元创新行为对网络惯例产生的差异性影响,在梳理相关文献的基础上,将组织间信任分为基于认知的信任和基于情感的信任两种,并按照高低程度不同划分为4个不同的信任情景,分别提出双元创新对网络惯例影响的理论假设。以生物制药、电子信息等具有较强研发合作强度和深度的典型行业为对象进行问卷调研,运用多元回归等方法进行统计检验分析。研究结果表明,不同信任情景下双元创新行为对网络惯例的影响不同,在组织间认知信任程度高的情景中,双元创新与网络惯例之间存在正向相关关系,在组织间认知信任程度较低的情景中,维持现状基础上循序发展的渐进性创新方式有利于网络惯例的形成。研究结论有助于深层次揭示网络惯例形成的影响因素,增强对技术创新网络运行内在规律的理解,对企业从更深层次上把握合作创新行为、提升合作绩效具有重要意义。     

Routinising research: academic skills in analogue and digital worlds

This paper explores research routines which are so mundane that they are rarely noticed and may be hard to even verbalise. How does one acquire the bodily dexterity of rifling through a filing cabinet, skimming Google lists or judging a book by holding in it one’s hands? Drawing on interviews with and observations among scholars of both the analogue and digital generations, mainly in the social and cultural sciences, I look at how such routines are established, naturalised and transformed. They may be seen as methods slowly turning into inconspicuous habits. To what extent do such practices, which are often seen as intensely personal, actually mirror norms and cultural conventions of specific academic settings? With a focus on materialities and sensibilities, I discuss three arenas of everyday academic activities: writing, reading and handling information.     

Public relations activity in the new media in Israel 2012: Changing relationships

Technological developments bring with them perceptual changes that have forced public relations (PR) practitioners, who mediate between customers and consumers, to seek new ideas and directions. This research study examines the changes that have taken place in the work routines and tactics of PR practitioners in Israel, 2012 in light of the expanding use of the social media and the transition from traditional media usage to various combinations of traditional and new media activity. Changes in work routines and tactics were examined by means of quantitative content analysis, the internet visibility of 453 PR agencies in Israel and 23 interviews with PR personnel. The findings indicate the following: (1) the internet visibility of the PR agencies examined was low, and less than a quarter were active in the social platforms that were defined. (2) Differences were found between PR agencies active in the field of new media and those who implement traditional technologies regarding contact with clients, worker characteristics, means of conveying messages regarding clients, etc. (3) Specific tactics have been developed for implementing new media, such as responses over the net as part of crisis management and the use of a company blog to reinforce the client's brand. (4) The major reasons for not using the new media are fear of these innovations, established expertise in traditional media and a segment of customers that block attempts to implement new media. (5) The potential inherent in social media is not exploited by most Israeli PR agencies.     

Testing the difference between two Kolmogorov–Smirnov values in the context of receiver operating characteristic curves

The maximum vertical distance between a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and its chance diagonal is a common measure of effectiveness of the classifier that gives rise to this curve. This measure is known to be equivalent to a two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic; so the absolute difference D between two such statistics is often used informally as a measure of difference between the corresponding classifiers. A significance test of D is of great practical interest, but the available Kolmogorov–Smirnov distribution theory precludes easy analytical construction of such a significance test. We, therefore, propose a Monte Carlo procedure for conducting the test, using the binormal model for the underlying ROC curves. We provide Splus/R routines for the computation, tabulate the results for a number of illustrative cases, apply the methods to some practical examples and discuss some implications.