生态女性主义与观世音

生态女性主义一词由法国学者迪邦娜（Franqoised’Eaubonne）在1974年所创,它结合了女性主义与生态运动的反思。生态女性主义虽然在西方已流行了30年,但是在华文世界中仍缺乏专著和较深入的讨论。电子女性主义（cyberfeminism）者哈乐葳（DonnaHaraway）提出以有机机械人（cyborg）作为未来女性主义的象征,女性主义者若需要启发的话,应该向前看,从科技和有机机械人的形象寻找启示,而非回到古老的属灵生态女性主义（SpiritualEcofeminism）。虽然两种女性主义看似大相径庭,但电子女性主义可以帮助生态女性主义走出自然／文化、人类／动物,甚至是男性／女性的二元思想。较哈乐葳的有机机械人和西方神话的女神,中国化的观世音更加适合作为生态女性主义的象征。从观世音出发可以发现,法国哲学家德勒兹（Gilles Deleuze）的转化生成与生态伦理具有密切关系。     

The outside and family therapy: A perspective from the relational thinking of Gilles Deleuze

This article was inspired by a reflection on what unfolded with the COVID-19 virus, especially how it brought to light the interconnectedness of individual and collective well-being. This calls for a reassessment of the family therapy approach, which has traditionally focussed on the internal dynamics of the family to explain problems faced by individuals inside the family system without taking into account social, political and historical aspects. This approach, which is referred to in the article as ‘familialism,’ is challenged using the relational philosophy put forward by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, and a fresh viewpoint is also given from the concept of the ‘outside.’ This outside perspective seeks to prevent the family system from closing in on itself, allowing for the creation of open systems. By doing so, it is argued, it is possible to incorporate different elements of the social, political and historical order in therapeutic practice and prevent underestimating the complexity of the human experience.