巴蜀哲学之特色

中国是一个疆域辽阔、民族众多的统一的大国。先秦时期诸子学说的出现 ,标志着中国古代哲学的诞生与兴起。众多学科的研究成果表明 ,从春秋到战国 ,中国大体形成了若干个具有各自特征的文化区域 ,先秦诸子的形成与这些地域性的文化传统有着紧密的联系。这种地域性传统贯穿在其后中国古代哲学发展的全部历程之中 ,两汉至隋唐如此 ,宋元明清表现更为突出 ,就是中国近代哲学也还是摆脱不了地域传统的影响。因此 ,研究中国古代哲学的地域性传统是一个十分有意义的课题。而当下学界对此挖掘不够 ,为了深化对该课题的研究 ,我们组织了这次笔谈 ,现推荐给读者 ,希望引起学界的关注。今后 ,我们还准备在适当的时候继续进行讨论。     

经学发展与西汉文学思想的演变

在不断演变的政治文化背景下 ,西汉经学经历了逐步抬头、正式确立和空前发展并盛极而衰的三个时期。与此相应 ,西汉的文学思想也随着经学进程的不同状态而发展变化。总的趋向是认为文学是政治教化的组成部分 ,以经学为中心 ,受经学支配。尽管后期“文学性”特质比前中期更加突出 ,但也没有摆脱经学的附庸地位。     

对功能主义人类学的超越——一个中西比较的视角

20世纪50-70年代,西方人类学家基于新近发现的民族志资料,或是既有田野点的再研究,完成了对功能主义的超越。考虑到功能主义范式在中国研究中的影响,我们可以通过分析20世纪80年代以来汉学人类学的若干进展,以中西比较的视角,厘清中外学者在不同时空下所展现出的共同的理论线索。     

夏衍对菊池宽《戏曲研究》的翻译——夏衍翻译活动的开端

夏衍的名字虽然与戏剧创作紧密地联系在一起,但他最初却是从外国文学的翻译踏入文坛,走上文学创作道路的。对日本著名剧作家菊池宽的戏剧理论著作《戏曲研究》的翻译,又是夏衍整个翻译活动的起点。本文主要从夏衍对这第一部译著从选题的目的、意义以及对以后走上戏剧创作道路产生的影响等方面进行了考察和分析。     

Models of Disability, Work and Welfare in Australia

In discourse around disability there has been a shift away from a ‘medical model’, which perceives disability as an individual problem to be ‘cured’ or contained, towards a ‘social model’. The latter focuses on the relationship between people with disabilities and their social environment, locating the required interventions within the realm of social policy and institutional practice. Drawing upon a small qualitative study conducted in Melbourne, this article argues that recent plans by the Australian government to introduce mutual obligation requirements for recipients of the Disability Support Pension (DSP) sit in tension with this shift from the medical to the social models of disability. Mutual obligation is based on the assumption that income support recipients need to be taught how to be more ‘self‐reliant’, to ‘participate’ in society more fully and to become ‘active’, rather than ‘passive’, citizens. This language appears to overlap with that used to articulate a social model, which places emphasis on participation in the community and attempts a shift away from reliance on the medical profession. However, examples from interviews conducted with current and former DSP recipients demonstrate that, in practice, mutual obligation is likely to reinforce a medical model of disability, frame DSP recipients as ‘conditional’ citizens and ignore the obligations of the state and society regarding access and inclusiveness for people with disabilities.     

The Uncertain Convergence of Disability Policies in Western Europe

In the last decades disability has emerged as a key area for European social policy. So far there have been few indications of a general trend towards greater similarity in the disability policies of member states. This paper argues that attempts to promote common approaches and patterns of effort between member states are more likely to succeed in “vacant” sub‐areas of disability policy than in more “crowded” ones. Existing redistributive provisions within income maintenance, employment and independent living are examples of crowded sub‐areas. By contrast, the emerging anti‐discrimination legislation and other forms of market regulation recently introduced by the EU may point towards more vacant policy areas within member states.     

Poverty, Social Exclusion and the Politics of Disability: Care as a Social Good and the Expenditure of Social Capital in Chuadanga, Bangladesh

People labelled with disabilities in Chuadanga, Bangladesh, are denied equitable access to social networks and formal services. In terms both of funding future formal service programmes and of designing community‐based outreach programmes, this lack of access is not a simple reflection of one's impairment but a facet of the social exclusion and stigma that is culturally ascribed to disability in Chuadanga. We utilize a social model to focus on the cultural processes initiated by the onset of illness or impairment. Our participants are drawn from four types of diagnosed disability: blindness, orthopaedic impairment, hearing impairment and mental disorder. Although this inquiry is in line with Daly's focus on how future spending on formal services to promote care and equity in Europe can be helped by searching out information that is often ignored, the particular focus of this study is Chuadanga and the research questions incorporate a disability studies perspective. The authors consider care as a social good and an expenditure of social capital, in reviewing findings from a recent empirical study of disability and employment in the Bangladesh district of Chuadanga. Regardless of disability, poverty can be a morally and socially devastating ordeal. However, the authors conclude that the added loss of social solidarity and equitable access, due to the social exclusion and stigma of disability for the families concerned, make it statistically far less likely that they will access formal services or be able to escape poverty.     

训诂学与现代词汇学在词汇词义研究方面的差异与互补

训诂学是我国古代学者从认知方面研究汉语语义的传统学科,词汇词义是其核心。词汇学是近百年来在西方语言学影响下形成的新学科,其研究中心也是词汇词义。但是,这两个学科产生的条件不同,哲学基础不同,研究汉语的历史阶段也不同。因此,对词汇词义的认识无论在理论体系上还是在研究方法上,都有很大差别。但是,由于研究的都是词汇词义,它们又有一定的内同性。差别和内同都反映了这两个学科的互补性,而互补性当中就包含了汉语词汇词义研究的原创性。其重点在于汉语语言单位、汉"字"的性质、汉语词汇的单位、结构和理据以及词汇系统等问题。     

墨家逻辑与亚里士多德逻辑的比较研究

基于不同历史文化背景而形成的不同逻辑传统 ,既有共同性 ,又有特殊性。因此 ,两种逻辑的比较研究只有建基于历史分析与文化诠释之上 ,才能对它们的异同作出合理的分析与说明。墨家逻辑依托于先秦文化 ,亚里士多德逻辑依托于古希腊文化。两种文化有不同的特征和需求。不同文化的特征和需求 ,产生了两种不同的逻辑。两种逻辑的差异主要表现为 :目的与任务不同 ,逻辑特征不同 ,主导的推理类型不同 ,推理成分的分析不同 ,后续发展状况不同。     

新中国神话研究的回顾与思考

在古代神话的整理和研究上，前辈学者做出了贡献。其学术成果大都完成于２０年代到４０年代，并在解放初期出版或再版，构成了新中国神话研究的第一个高峰。袁珂先生对神话研究倾注了毕生心血，其丰硕的成果和贡献，构成了５０年代到８０年代神话研究的第二个高峰。改革开放以后，神话研究领域人才辈出，学术视野宽广，成果丰富，实为神话研究的第三个高峰。新中国神话研究领域还存在不尽如人意的地方，某些重要的理论问题还需要深入的探讨和研究，对新世纪神话研究的展望和走向，还需要做出科学的预测。