Overcoming barriers to effective practice in child care

This paper describes the work of three Action Learning Sets – two groups of child care social workers and one group of health visitors. Given the substantial investment in child care research and its dissemination, we wanted to examine barriers to effective practice from the vantage point of workers themselves. Our core question was: ‘What can we do about the things that get in the way of effective practice?’ The method, based on that of ‘co‐operative inquiry’, sought to engage front‐line practitioners as active collaborators in the research. While several of the barriers can be seen as part of the common predictable experience of professionals working in large public sector organizations, a key message is the importance of re‐invigorating models of supervision that can sustain high quality practice. What emerges is a contemporary picture of the pressures on child care workers and of the struggles to make sense of professional roles in different organizational landscapes. We are committed to evidence‐based practice, practice that is derived from the best knowledge available. We would simultaneously stress the importance of ‘holding environments’ to promote effective learning. Our experience suggests that Action Learning offers a constructive method for encouraging such environments and facilitating better practice.     

“四书之《大学》《中庸》，非《礼记》之《大学》《中庸》”考释

四库馆臣提出“四书之《大学》、《中庸》”和“《礼记》之《大学》、《中庸》”两个概念，反映了《大学》、《中庸》与《礼记》的分合作为汉唐——宋明——清三阶段学术转轨标志的事实。经考释可知，“《礼记》之《大学》、《中庸》”属经学范畴，“四书之《大学》、《中庸》”属理学范畴，分属不同的思想体系，有其各自的渊源。     

Geography of Twitter networks

The paper examines the influence of geographic distance, national boundaries, language, and frequency of air travel on the formation of social ties on Twitter, a popular micro-blogging website. Based on a large sample of publicly available Twitter data, our study shows that a substantial share of ties lies within the same metropolitan region, and that between regional clusters, distance, national borders and language differences all predict Twitter ties. We find that the frequency of airline flights between the two parties is the best predictor of Twitter ties. This highlights the importance of looking at pre-existing ties between places and people.     

大学英语口语交际策略培训中的有效合作学习设计

本文从分析在合作学习中实施英语口语交际策略培训的必要性出发,探究合作学习在当前教学中存在的主要问题,进而提出有效合作学习策略设计。     

Accelerating backpropagation using effective parameters at each step and an experimental evaluation

An acceleration of backpropagation algorithm with momentum (BPM) is introduced. At every stage of the learning process, local quadratic approximation of the error function is performed and the Hessian matrix of the quadratic function is approximated. Effective learning rate and momentum factor are determined by means of maximum and minimum eigenvalues of the approximated Hessian matrix at each step. BPM algorithm is modified so as to work automatically with these effective parameters. Performance of this new approach is demonstrated in comparison with well-known training algorithms on conventional problems by an experimental evaluation.     

新时期大学生思想政治教育有效形式的探索与实践

华北水利水电学院多年来在大学生中深入持久地开展 MMD(马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论 )学习研究活动 ,探索到一条在大学生中进行思想政治教育的新路子和新形式 ,为青年马克思主义者的培育成长 ,创造了一个良好的政治理论氛围和组织形式。本文记述了这一活动的发展历程。     

从《亚洲学术杂志》看民初遗民的文化倾向

《亚洲学术杂志》是1921年秋成立于上海、由一群遗民在讲学研究组织“亚洲学术研究会”基础上创办的一个学术刊物，该会及刊物立足于“亚洲学术与世道人心有极大关系”之主旨，极力宣传亚洲旧有学术，杂志的出版在学人阶层中产生了一定的影响和共鸣，同时也引起了部分人士的争议。从文化思想倾向看，杂志肯认中国的伦理道德和中国文化精神，批判西方文化、称颂东方文化，反对机会主义新思潮、批判新文化运动，呈现出浓厚的文化保守主义倾向。     

从《四书》学看北宋理学、荆公新学、苏氏蜀学的异同

从《四书》学的角度,对北宋中后期活跃于学术舞台的理学、荆公新学与苏氏蜀学进行了比较分析,认为在治学方法和理论特点上三者有较多的相同之处,都注重阐发经典精义、关注天道心性问题、自出义理、发挥己意,但在三派学术的具体内容特别是对《四书》思想资料的阐述和发挥方面又存在较大差异,各具特色。     

课堂教学中的学习策略指导

学习策略的教学类型、教学阶段和不同于知识教学的特点是探讨课堂学习策略教学的重要内容。当前学习策略的课堂教学类型主要有策略意识训练、元认知训练和具体策略训练;学习策略的基本教学阶段有激发兴趣、策略的剖析、策略的运用和策略的反思;策略教学的主要特点是借助于知识点说明策略的运用、教学过程具体化、外显化、加强策略的主体体验、突出策略的条件化知识。