DEVIL'S ADVOCACY AND DIALECTICAL INQUIRY EFFECTS ON PREDICTION PERFORMANCE: TASK INVOLVEMENT AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE

Critics of previous laboratory experiments comparing devil's advocacy (DA) to dialectical inquiry (DI) have suggested that these experiments produced misleading results because (1) they used subjects who had low levels of task involvement and (2) the DI treatment used was confusing to subjects and required further explanation to be useful. The present study examines the effects of four inquiry methods—expert (E), DA, DI, and DI with explanatory statement (DI+)—on subjects' performance at a financial prediction task. Results show that DA, DI, and DI + were superior to E when the state of the world differed significantly from assumptions underlying the expert's plan. For subjects with high task involvement, DI and DI + were more effective than E and DA. The results support some of the criticisms of previous laboratory research and suggest that future research on these decision aids should include task involvement as a factor.     

AN ANALYSIS OF CAPACITY PLANNING PROCEDURES FOR A MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS PLANNING SYSTEM*

This paper is concerned with planning work-center capacity levels in manufacturing firms that employ a material requirements planning (MRP) system. It presents four procedures for developing work-center capacity plans designed to insure the production of components and assemblies as specified by the MRP plan and the master production schedule (MPS). These procedures (capacity planning using overall factors, capacity bills, resource profiles, and capacity requirements planning) are compared using simulation analysis. The results indicate that the performance of a procedure when measured against the MPS depends on the operating conditions of the manufacturing system. The results also indicate that the choice of a particular procedure often represents a compromise among the benefits of improved MPS performance, the costs of preparing and processing data, and the premium expenses required for more frequent adjustments in work-center capacity levels.     

基于多元智能理论的信息化教学设计

加德纳提出的多元智能理论给传统教育观念带来了巨大的冲击,也赋予了信息化教学设计新的依据和新的视角.基于多元智能理论,从目标导向、内容构建、环境创设、评价设计四个方面探讨信息化教学设计的基本理念,并对多元智能理论指导下的信息化教学设计模式进行分析.     

论影响科技成果转化的非技术因素

科技已成为推进社会、经济发展的果转化中最为根本的影响因素.但随着经济、社会的发展,其他要素如风险投资、管理、知识产权、资金等对科技成果转化都会产生不同程度的影响.文章主要分析影响科技成果转化的非技术因素.     

论康有为《大同书》中的素质教育思想

康有为在《大同书》中提出针对人口不同年龄阶段的身心特点施以不同的教育引导,将大同社会的教育分为前后衔接的五阶段;他提倡五育并重,德育为先。康有为的素质教育思想体现出人本主义和新伦理主义的色彩,具有深远的人口学和教育学意义,对于我们当前提倡的素质教育仍具有可资借鉴的时代价值。     

哥特的"演绎"

起源于欧洲中世纪教堂建筑中的哥特艺术,是以建筑实体形式凝固下来的一种文化存在。由于不同时期社会思想的影响和建筑技术的推动,哥特艺术总以不同的姿态和气质出现在各类建筑中。逐渐地,人们对它的情感体验超脱了建筑特定空间。当充满黑暗、恐怖、神秘色彩的哥特小说问世后,哥特艺术开始在音乐、电影等大众流行文化中蔓延。它所包含的内容和意义也在与社会意识和风尚的结合中不断地拓展和延伸。     

晚清民国时期蔗糖业视野下的广西城镇经济网络

晚清民国时期,广西蔗糖业经历了繁荣、衰落再发展的轨迹,通过商人的经营活动促进了城镇经济网络和蔗糖业的楔合,蔗糖业的发展推动了城镇经济网络的发展。蔗糖业和城镇经济网络的楔合促进了民族经济融合。     

"男主女从":必须扬弃的等级观——《布洛陀经诗》的性别哲学研究之三

《布洛陀经诗》虽然包含"阴阳合德"等合理因素,但从其宗教神灵观的主要特征,以及在角色定位上的主导思想、在价值评价上的主流意识等方面来看,"男主女从"的等级特征都较为明显。这种等级观体现了壮族性别哲学和壮族传统文化的某些糟粕,是我们在寻求性别和谐发展之道时所必须给予剔除和扬弃的。     

A CANONICAL ANALYSIS OF MANAGERIAL-ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS: IMPLICATIONS FOR METHODOLOGY AND POLICY*

The present study uses canonical analysis to examine the contingency model of organizations in the nursing home field. Data on environmental pressures and managerial practices relevant to the decision-making process are analyzed. Results support the theory that managerial practices are contingent on environmental pressures. The implications of these results for health-care decision makers and for future assessments of managerial-environmental relationships are discussed.     

A ONE-PERIOD STOCHASTIC INVENTORY PROBLEM WITH A LUMP-SUM PENALTY COST

This paper presents an inventory problem related to the one-period stochastic inventory (or “newsboy”) problem. In this problem, the firm has to decide how much product to order to meet a random one-period demand. The version of the problem presented is novel in two respects. First, demand is explicitly permitted to be negative, and second, the penalty (or shortage) cost is assumed to be independent of the magnitude of the shortage. This situation is shown to change the form of the cost function and to complicate the determination of optimal policies. The form of the optimal policy is developed, and two example problems are presented in some detail.