元顺帝时期的防灾救灾研究

元顺帝统治时期,元代社会已经进入了它的黄昏阶段：政治黑暗,社会矛盾尖锐,人民生活困苦,起义不断。面对这样的局面,元顺帝还是实施了一些比较有效的防灾救灾措施来保障人民的生活,主要表现在灾荒救济、医疗救助、徭役减轻、慈善收养制度等方面。但由于政府腐败导致防灾救灾措施实施不力,反而激发了社会阶级矛盾和民族矛盾,加速了元朝的覆灭。同时这些防灾救灾的措施对明初相关政策的出台产生了深远的影响。     

基于教育社会分层视角的农村学生社会流动 与教育选择

随着教育的发展和社会分化的加剧,教育的社会分层功能与农村学生的社会流动日益受到人们关注.当前,农村学生在社会流动与社会地位获得的过程中,由于受到以城市教育为中心的发展战略及重点学校制度的行政约束、高等教育分层和高等教育大众化对文凭筛选功能的影响、高考和就业场域潜规则的干预和农村社会文化价值体系的制约,教育所铺架的向上流动的阶梯出现了明显的短路,农村学生不管在高等教育数量获得还是高等教育质量获得方面,均处于相对劣势;农村大学生也没有从根本上改变自己的命运,他们的阶层地位仍然较低,非正规就业居多、职业地位低、收入低、被限制在边缘行业,结果导致部分农村学生弃考和辍学.     

贫困脆弱性视角下参与式社区综合发展的精准“防贫”效应分析

利用贵州省纳雍县两个贫困行政村跨期十数年的农户追踪调查数据,从贫困脆弱性视角量化分析、评价不同时期参与式社区综合发展的“防贫”效应及其精准性。结果表明,欠发达地区农户的贫困脆弱性在1999-2011年期间降幅巨大（约下降99%）,抗风险冲击能力得到极大提升。总体上,参与式社区综合发展的“防贫”即期效应显著,可使农户贫困脆弱性指数降低5个百分点以上,然其“防贫”时滞效应却并不突出。分不同群体考察,参与式社区综合发展“防贫”虽存在一定“漏出效应”和“溢出效应”,但包容性较强、瞄准精度尚可,能惠及大多数“重度脆弱户”和“中度、轻度脆弱户”;换言之,除“微度脆弱户”、“极度脆弱户”及部分“重度脆弱户”外,其间各贫困脆弱组农户均能从中得到保障,然贫困脆弱性强度越高,所受保障程度愈小。不仅如此,参与式社区综合发展此种“防贫”的精准度可持续性差,无明显时滞效应。     

教育领域职务犯罪及权力制约机制的构建

论题对教育领域职务犯罪问题进行了分析研究,认为我国教育领域在监督机制上存在着重大的缺陷——即权力制约的失控,导致了在学校图书教材、设备采购,基建工程和招生录取等方面屡屡出现了贪污贿赂、渎职失职、滥用职权等违法犯罪。论题提出了在教育系统应建立独立监察员制度和独立监察员责任追究制,实行监督机制的改革创新,使我国教育事业向着健康、有序、廉洁、高效的方向发展。     

河南城镇化进程中的犯罪问题研究

河南省城镇化实施中心城市带动战略,对犯罪形势变化将产生深刻的影响:犯罪率将呈现先升后降最终稳定的态势;流动人口犯罪、青少年犯罪、女性犯罪、职务犯罪等将会激增;各种类型犯罪在短期内都会大量增加;一些社会管理控制相对薄弱的"边缘地带"有可能成为犯罪孳生地。河南省应实行综合治理的犯罪防控战略。     

A qualitative investigation of risk and protective factors for interpersonal violence in adults on the autism spectrum

Abstract

Individuals on the autism spectrum are at an increased risk of experiencing violence. This study sought to understand the opinions of adults on the spectrum regarding potential risk and protective factors for interpersonal violence. Twenty-two adults (12 men; 18 to 53 years of age) participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed. The results of the qualitative analysis identified individual and contextual risk and protective factors. Protective themes focused on individual needs (awareness of the self and the environment, interpersonal knowledge/skills, skill building strategies) and supportive contexts (benefits of a trusted person, advocates, fostering acceptance and inclusion). There is a need for strategies to decrease the vulnerability to, and the impact of, interpersonal violence. Individuals on the spectrum have the capacity to provide important information regarding safety promotion and risk factors for interpersonal violence, and their expertise should play a role in guiding efforts that promote safety.     

基于博弈模型的“罪刑均衡”思想分析

罪刑均衡思想由来已久,作为刑法理论中最基本的刑罚原则,在对犯人进行科处刑罚方面具有的重要意义早已得到承认,而在预防犯罪方面具有的作用却长期被忽视。犯罪行为实质上是犯人和政府之间的博弈。政府先制订刑法,犯人在观察到刑罚后才选择是否犯罪以及犯何种性质的罪。经济分析表明,改变刑罚的确定性和严厉性就能影响博弈的均衡,从而影响犯罪,刑罚之外的其它措施如果能改变犯罪的成本和收益,也能实现同样的目的,这为预防犯罪提供了一种新的思路。     

云南省地质灾害的发育特征及防治对策

受自然条件的影响和制约,云南成为我国受地质灾害危害较重的省份之一.地质灾害的频发,严重威胁着人民群众的生命财产安全,制约着我省经济、社会的发展.如何加强地质灾害防治工作,提高防治效果,不仅是保障人民群众生命财产安全的迫切要求,也是实现全面小康,构建"和谐云南"的重要举措.文章在对我省地质灾害发育的特征、当前地质灾害防治工作中存在的主要问题进行分析的基础上,提出了加强地质灾害防治的对策建议.     

Promoting Fathers' Engagement With Children: Preventive Interventions for Low‐Income Families

Few programs to enhance fathers' engagement with children have been systematically evaluated, especially for low‐income minority populations. In this study, 289 couples from primarily low‐income Mexican American and European American families were randomly assigned to one of three conditions and followed for 18 months: 16‐week groups for fathers, 16‐week groups for couples, or a 1‐time informational meeting. Compared with families in the low‐dose comparison condition, intervention families showed positive effects on fathers' engagement with their children, couple relationship quality, and children's problem behaviors. Participants in couples' groups showed more consistent, longer term positive effects than those in fathers‐only groups. Intervention effects were similar across family structures, income levels, and ethnicities. Implications of the results for current family policy debates are discussed.     

Incorporating human sexuality content into a positive youth development framework: Implications for community prevention

As approaches to positive youth development (PYD) gain momentum, the issue of sexuality – a critical component of human development – is being subsumed by ideological debates. In the current political climate, sexuality education is often relegated to biological and/or values-based approaches, neglecting essential relational and collective aspects of sexuality. Through the explication of sexuality as an important component of youth's social ecology, this paper provides a conceptual link between the goals of the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States' (SIECUS) Guidelines for comprehensive sexuality education and those of PYD. We argue that sexuality, as a normative part of human development, culture, identity, and relationships, be approached from an asset-based perspective, rather than a deficit-based perspective. We propose a framework that illustrates how aspects of sexuality are embedded within PYD contexts, and demonstrates how a sexuality education program rooted in SIECUS guidelines can further PYD goals across community contexts.