基于行政记录人口普查方法的国际比较

开展基于行政记录的人口普查被视为有效破解传统人口普查难题的途径之一,亦是顺应大数据时代充分挖掘人口行政记录资源的必然之选。本文较系统地阐述了基于行政记录人口普查方法的基本框架,尝试对“完全模式”人口普查和“组合模式”人口普查的实施步骤进行解析。基于此,本文选择芬兰、奥地利、瑞士、荷兰四个国家,分普查基本情况、行政记录类型选择和基本记录库形成、已存在统计记录系统基本结构、专门组织的抽样调查设计、不同系统间的链接途径、新人口统计信息质量评估方法等六个维度,对实施基于行政记录的人口普查方法进行了国家比较。     

我国药品零售企业人力资源逆向选择及风险规避

在药品流通领域,执业药师的＂良＂与其他经资格认证的药学技术人员的＂相对劣或者不确定的良＂,以及一些鱼目混珠的从业人员（营业员）的＂确定劣＂的博弈一直在进行,在执业药师与一般药学技术人员和营业员的竞争中,出现了明显的＂劣币驱赶良币＂现象。其原因主要是药品零售企业人力资源市场上存在＂准入水平＂的＂质＂的不同,但对不同质的人员却采用相同的价值评价标准,执业药师的药学服务和健康收益的价值被忽视。加上信息不对称的存在和法律刚性规定的不足,最终导致逆向选择的发生,出现执业药师被一般药学技术人员所淘汰的不正常现象,并将导致整个药品零售领域从事药学服务工作的人员所代表的实际能力普遍低于岗位本身的素质需要。建议在新医改实施过程中,应加大执业药师制度宣传,尽快为执业药师立法,重构药学技术人员价值评价体系和激励机制,通过规制政策淘汰一些不合要求的从业人员和企业,并让执业准入的执业药师为保障公众用药的安全和有效发挥其应有的作用。     

从诉讼时效立法变化视角谈《药品管理法》强化保护基本人权

药品的质量关乎用药者的生命权和健康权,与基本人权息息相关。2001年2月28日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十次会议修订的《中华人民共和国药品管理法》取消了药品致人身损害赔偿的诉讼时效期间为一年的规定,对权利人诉讼维权的存续期延长,强化了公权力对受害人法律救济的保障力度,充分体现了对基本人权的保护,维护人民身体健康和用药合法权益的基本宗旨和立法精神。     

香港中学生滥用药物:危险因子、保护因子与抗逆力

在探讨香港中学生的滥用药物情况时考虑其与危险因子及保护因子的相互关系,学生的抗逆力,对危险因子及保护因子的相互作用至关重要。实证研究发现,价值观及自我效能均对滥用药物有显著的负相关;家庭、学校及朋辈等支持因子对滥用药物有显著的负相关,尤以学校支持的负相关最为显著;答题者的心身焦虑症状、朋辈影响及学习压力等危险因子均对滥用药物有显着的正相关,尤以朋辈影响的相关性最为显著。整体来说,危险因子与滥用药物在加入价值观和自我效能等变项后,有轻微的正面力量,有助减少中学生滥用药物。     

反语运用中的语境与概念转喻探究

反语运用中的语境包括言语交际者的主体因素和运用环境的客观因素,它往往能起到暗示和限制的作用。反语运用涉及到的是整体的部分之间相互转换而产生的转喻,话语p之所以能够转指话语-P,是因为话语P的认知突显度高于话语-P,始源域之所以能够激活目标域,并为目标域提供心理通道,是基于这两个概念实体间的邻近性,话语p与话语-p在语义方面呈现出反向相邻性,说话人运用反语转喻而不直言跟说话人的意图有关,概念转喻是反语意义发生转移的心理必经之路。     

A Preliminary Exploration of Immigrant Substance Abusers from the Former Soviet Union Living in Israel,Germany and the United States: A Multi-National Perspective

SUMMARY

The Former Soviet Union (FSU) has historically been seen as having an unusually large population of individuals with alcohol problems. Since the fall of the communist regime, a growing drug abusing population has become visible. With the large migration of its residents to western countries and to Israel, the rates of alcohol and drug problems among these immigrants appear to be disproportionally high, although reliable data are lacking. The purpose of this article is to summarize exploratory data regarding alcohol and other drug use among immigrants from the Former Soviet Union living in Israel, Germany and the United States, and to identify further research needs and implications for treatment and policy.     

Social Networking Among Health Sciences University Students: Examining Social Network Usage,Social Support,and General Well-Being

Social network sites (SNSs) are organized around users who join an internet network to engage in daily discussions and postings. Though research informs us about SNSs usage, no published research addresses the use of social network sites among health science professionals. This study examined the relationship between social network usage, social support, and general well-being among undergraduate and graduate students. This study provides results that identify significant relationships (p < .001) associated with SNS usage and the variables of social support and general well-being among this study population. These results can inform the use of SNSs in university health sciences educational programs.     

Using an Online Support Site to Extend the Learning to a Graduate Field Practicum in the United States

An online support site was constructed for graduate social work students at San Diego State University in California during their first‐year field practicum. A study was conducted to explore and describe the attitudes of these students toward the usefulness of the site's online features. Students participated in the site through the Blackboard Software Platform by adding discussion threads to asynchronous forums on an online discussion board, receiving information through online announcements, accessing field‐related materials through the site, and engaging in an online network. The most useful forum was related to the learning plan that students were required to complete in planning and organizing their field practicum experience. Students reported that the most useful feature of the site was the ability to access timely information through the online announcements from the Field Education Program.     

Students' Use of Self: Teaching Implications

Social workers acknowledge that they bring more than their professional skills and knowledge to practice, hence the emphasis in many social work programs on enhancing students' self knowledge. After a general overview of self‐knowledge activities for students, the gap between insight and practice is highlighted. The empirical literature is reviewed to find specific and purposeful self enactments, defined as functional ways in which workers intentionally apply their self to practice. Located within professional boundaries, such self enactments potentially form the basis upon which students might consider how to apply their own personal self.