赛珍珠《东风,西风》中中国女性性格特征与对比

赛珍珠的小说《东风,西风》成功地塑造了一系列中国女性形象,她们身上具有中国传统女性的许多美德,但同时又都有各自独特的性格特征。通过分析对比她们性格的特点来找出她们性格的异同。     

简析东盟的区域合作战略

作为由中小弱国家组成的集团,经济一体化是东盟赖以生存、发展、壮大实力和应对外部威胁的惟一选择。东盟共同体规划的出台,从根本上看,是东盟应对外部世界巨变的一项最重要的措施。同时,东盟认识到,只有掌握了地区经济一体化的主导权,才能牢固地保持住自己的“特性”。从这一点出发,东盟的区域合作战略是:首先,建立东盟共同体强化自己,继而以此为核心,推动东亚共同体和东亚峰会,确保东盟在区域合作进程中的主导权。     

俄罗斯远东开发与华人华侨（1860—1941年）

19世纪中期,俄罗斯远东地区华人华侨社会的形成过程集中反映了当时中国和俄罗斯远东地区社会经济及人文环境的发展状况。研究经济开发时期俄罗斯远东中国移民的历史,对于研究两国经济关系的相互影响,研究中俄两国在该地区的历史交往问题,对于在新的历史条件下发展中俄两国在远东地区的合作,建立远东开放、包容的移民文化,营造国际化的、和谐的人文环境具有一定的学术意义和实践意义。     

《辽海丹忠录》试评

有人盛赞《辽海丹忠录》对明末抗金名将毛文龙的歌颂 ,有人认为其描写失实。毛文龙的功过是非是一桩历史悬案 ,时至今日 ,仍有论者认为毛文龙驻守皮岛有功。作为文艺作品 ,《辽海丹忠录》是成功的 ,塑造了毛文龙的英雄形象 ,展露了明末社会政治情状 ,在艺术表现手法上也有独到之处 ,堪称时事小说中的上乘之作。     

东亚经济合作进程中的问题及发展趋势

东亚的经济合作进程虽然很快,但仍然面临着诸如合作缺乏一个强有力的主导国家、各国经济发展水平不一、各国的产业结构及分工趋同、各国社会制度不同及复杂的战略安全等一系列问题,影响着合作的顺利进行.随着经济全球化和东亚经济的快速增长,各国也在着力协调解决这些问题,努力促使东亚经济出现良性互动的一体化合作发展趋势,并为实现东亚纯粹的一体化"东亚共同体"合作机制而共同奋斗.     

东亚区域整合中的非正式一体化渠道

东亚区域一体化的主要阻力来自于区域的多样性及其带来的高交易成本,如何克服这一阻力是东亚国家在金融危机后走向区域整合的关键,非正式一体化是东亚化解这一障碍的现实途径。区域生产网络、华人商业网络和次区域经济圈三种非正式一体化方式及其各自的演进降低了东亚整合的交易费用,并使东亚走上正式的一体化合作成为可能。     

Midwifery in Middle Eastern and North African countries: A scoping review

BackgroundWhile midwives are positioned as critical providers for improving sexual, reproductive, maternal and newborn health outcomes in the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries, the standards of midwifery have not been explored systematically in this region.AimThe purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of existing literature on midwifery practice, education, and regulation in MENA countries in the context of ICM standards.MethodsA search was conducted inclusive of English and Persian written studies published between 2000 and 2019 in CINAHL plus; Ovid MEDLINE; PubMed; Scopus; and grey literature. Title and abstract and full-text review were performed in Covidence, and data extraction and synthesis performed using NVivo 12.ResultsThe initial search identified 7,994 articles. Overall, 139 studies were included in the review. Although, the primary concept of most included studies was “midwifery practice”, “midwifery regulation” was addressed in limited way. Approximately 90% were from Middle Eastern countries. Forty-two per cent of studies used cross-sectional designs, and most originated from Iran, Jordan, and Palestine. Diversity was found in midwifery education, practice and regulation across the MENA countries. Midwives from different nations had uneven levels of proficiency, scope of practice, and education. Midwifery curricula were aligned with ICM competencies in some countries. Most countries had midwifery associations and were members of ICM. Some countries had regulations recognising midwifery as an autonomous profession.ConclusionMidwifery practice, education and regulation in MENA countries were not always comparable with ICM standards, although some progress was evident.     

Barriers to delivering quality midwifery education programmes in the Democratic Republic of Congo — An interview study with educators and clinical preceptors

BackgroundIn the Democratic Republic of Congo, the education of midwives at a higher education level has recently been introduced as a strategy to improve maternal and neonatal health. However, little is known about the preconditions for such an education.AimTo explore the barriers to delivering high-quality midwifery education programmes in the DRC and reflect on potential areas for improvement.MethodData was collected through 14 focus group discussions with 85 midwifery educators and clinical preceptors, at four higher education institutions delivering midwifery education programmes. Transcribed discussions were inductively analysed using content analysis.FindingsOverall, the teaching environment was insufficient. Most midwifery educators and clinical preceptors had deficient competencies, and there was a shortage of didactic resources and equipment as well as poor communication routines between the education institutions and clinical education sites. The barriers varied between locations; for instance, the institution in the country’s capital was overall well equipped.ConclusionThe identified barriers constitute major risks undermining the quality of future midwives in the DRC. Reforming the education of midwives, together with general higher education reform, will be critical for achieving the Sustainable Development Goal on health in the country. We therefore suggest that (i) midwifery educators have at least one academic level above the programme in which they teach, (ii) continuing education be available for midwifery educators and clinical preceptors, (iii) education institutes and clinical sites are fit for purpose, and (vi) routines for clear communication links between education and clinical sites be used.     

中东、中亚与中国的"大周边"能源战略

随着中国石油消耗量和进口量的逐年上升,保障能源供给已成为中国新时期“大周边”战略构建的重要内容之一。中东以其无可比拟的资源优势成为当前中国主要的海外石油供应地,也是未来最重要的石油供应源之一。从地缘、成本和进口多元化等方面考虑,石油资源蕴藏丰富的中亚地区是中国潜在的能源供应基地,是今后开发的重点。中国与这两个地区的能源合作基础良好,前景广阔,但是合作也将遭遇一些地区风险及大国的战略排挤。对此中国应审时度势,内外兼修,多方保障能源战略的顺利实施。     

西学东渐与《马氏文通》

近代的西学东渐不仅为我国的学术研究带来了科学主义的研究方法,而且直接影响了我国传统学科的改造与现代学科的建立。本文探讨了《马氏文通》与西学东渐之间的关系,认为西学东渐是汉语语法学建立的必要条件。