Attitudes towards childcare policies,policy feedback and path dependency: Czech Republic contrasted to Norway

This article explores the recent changes in mothers’ employment, childcare policies and attitudes towards gender equality in the labour market, in the Czech Republic and Norway, how these factors interact and what impact they have on the provision of childcare. Analysis suggests that there is convergence of the Czech Republic with Norway in terms of female employment, but divergence in childcare policies. The policy feedback – the mutual interrelatedness of attitudes towards mothers’ employment and childcare policies – has shaped refamilialising policies in the Czech Republic, whereas in Norway policies that support gender equality in work and family have emerged.     

基层社会管理模式的探索与前瞻

我国基层社会管理体制从计划经济体制下的单位制管理起步,经过多元探索逐步转向社区化的管理体制。当前,我国基层社会管理体制因为城乡差别、地区不同以及面临着有所差异的管理难题,其选择的具体管理方式也存在很大差别。但是,基层社会管理体制在演变中也出现了较为统一的发展趋势,包括改组基层政府管理机构,强化服务与矛盾调解,扶植基层社会组织成长以及缩小管理服务单元等。     

居住郊区化配套设施建设与可持续发展

居住的郊区化在城市化发展进程中具有一定的必然性。我国城市化发展进程中出现了居住郊区化的异化现象，可持续发展的关键在于城市的发展规模和发展规划、合理布局、区域配套设施建设的协调，明确各类公共产品和服务的供给主体，并进行分类管理。     

Navigations between regulations and gut instinct: the unveiling of collective memory in decision‐making processes where teenagers are placed in residential care

The decision to take a young person away from his or her family into out‐of‐home care and treatment is the most drastic intervention within the statutory powers bestowed upon social services. The results of reports on the quality of residential treatment reveal that state supervision has not proven to be a good substitute for parental care. In this paper we analyse the decision‐making process when young persons are placed in residential care. Focus groups and individual interviews with different stakeholders were conducted. The results show that the placements are a collective process involving negotiations between the different parties with a coordinating social worker in the middle, with the aim to bring something to build hope on in often desperate situations, regardless of the specific treatment method used. To inform the process, the social workers draw on a ‘collective memory’ shared among colleagues in the department. Important signs of quality of a residential unit were the relational and collaborative competence from the staff. The inclination to use soft, diffuse information in decision‐making shows a striking lack of evidence upon which social workers can build well‐informed and knowledge‐based decisions.     

The needs and strengths of unaccompanied asylum‐seeking children and young people in Scotland

Unaccompanied asylum‐seeking children seeking refuge in safer parts of the world have a wide range of needs. This paper discusses the main needs of unaccompanied minors drawing upon the views of service providers who work with or for unaccompanied asylum‐seeking children and young people in Scotland, as well as the perspectives of unaccompanied minors themselves. The complexity of the children's needs is explored with a framework considering their process of resettlement, looking at the present first, the future next and the past last. We also explored the strengths and resilience of the unaccompanied children consulted.     

The impact of the use of the social welfare services or social security benefits on attitudes to social welfare policies

Muuri A. The impact of the use of the social welfare services or social security benefits on attitudes to social welfare policies
Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 182–193 © 2009 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. This article investigates the attitudes of citizens and clients to social welfare services and social security benefits. The data come from a Finnish national survey conducted at the end of 2006. First, the article overviews the previous welfare‐state studies relating especially to the theoretical perspectives of self‐interest and legitimacy. The empirical analysis indicates (i) that a different operation of self‐interest can only weakly explain the differences in attitudes between services and benefits; (ii) that there is general support for Finnish social welfare services and social security benefits, which, however, is mixed with growing criticism among women and pensioners who are supposed to benefit most from the welfare policies; and (iii) that such determinants of attitude as gender, use and, to some extent, lifecycle have become as important as class‐related factors such as income and education.     

高校档案馆拓展社会服务功能的理论与实践

高校档案馆档案资源的科技含量、基础设施、技术力量等方面有许多优越性,既承担着保存社会信息资源的责任,也承担着传播档案信息的义务,更是肩负着为社会服务的重任。文中对高校档案馆拓展服务功能的重要意义、拓展服务功能的策略和实现途径进行了探讨。     

我国大学生医疗保障发展模式探索

在对我国大学生医疗保障模式探索现状进行归类、总结的基础上,分析了国外成熟的模式经验,提出从组织方式和筹资方式两个核心要素入手,建立由个人、政府和学校三方共同出资、政府主导、市场运作的大学生医疗保障发展模式.     

我国公共卫生政府间责任分担研究

公共卫生是政府公共服务的一项重要内容。长期以来,我国公共卫生的供给存在着总量不足、分配不均、效率低下等严重问题,究其原因在于政府间责任分担的不明确、不合理,而解决问题的关键在于从体制和法制两条路径入手,建立中央、省、市、县合理的责任分担机制。     

基本公共服务均等化供给中的政府责任

实现基本公共服务均等化是党和政府在新时期提出的一个全新的改革命题,是弥补市场失灵、拉动内需、促进统一市场形成、提高公共资金使用效率的重要举措。由于政府治理理念的偏差,当前我国基本公共服务未能满足民众的需求。为改变这种状况,政府必须承担其责任,转变自身职能,规范府际关系,改变城乡二元结构,灵活应用政府工具,建立问责制,以保证基本公共服务的均等化供给。