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221.
Irma Adelman 《Journal of Policy Modeling》1980,2(2):291-305
The theory of international trade presents trade as a positive-sum game for all participants. Yet, most of the negotiations between the developed and the developing countries seem to have been conducted under a perception of reality that views North-South relations as a zero-sum game. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a general framework for institutional and structural changes to benefit all participants. A number of original proposals for international reforms to support equitable development in developing countries are presented. The major element of the proposals include a Land Reform Fund, a rural and industrial development package for LDCs, support for trade liberalization of impacts from land reform countries, and an industrial Assistance Fund to help industrial countries to restructure production pattern.The proposals contain obviously far reaching national and international political implications whose impact is assessed in the concluding part of the paper. There the claim is made that unless both sets of countries find cooperation mutually attractive, they will be unable to embark in development strategies characterized by the highest chance of success and with the fewest economic and social disruptions. 相似文献
222.
223.
Esko Aurikko 《Journal of Policy Modeling》1984,6(4):531-554
In this paper a model for the Finnish economy with disequilibrium in the goods and financial markets is specified and estimated by single equation methods. The transmission mechanisms of the model are studied in the framework of various devaluation simulations. The model is very sensitive, especially with respect to the prevailing credit market regime and possible regime changes. Policy effects are not so much affected by conditions in the goods market, assuming moderate policy shocks. These considerations suggest the importance in policy planning of identifying the regimes prevailing in the markets. 相似文献
224.
Gary S. Fields 《Journal of Policy Modeling》1981,3(3):295-315
Economists have concentrated on aggregate economic growth to measure countries' development progress and in recent years have also considered income distribution performance. This paper reverses the conventional emphasis by placing income distribution at the forefront. I examine what is known about the distributions of income and poverty in the developing countries of the world and probe the correlations between poverty, inequality, and development. I explore the main sources of inequality and the extent to which individual countries have managed to alleviate poverty and reduce inequality in the course of economic growth. Employing evidence from case studies of six developing nations. I suggest some explanations for differing patterns of development and call for development planning founded on a firm commitment to helping the poor. 相似文献
225.
The effects of shift work (fixed versus rotating), type of hospital department (intensive care unit versus non-ICU), and job scope on stress and attitudes have been reported previously. The goal of the present study was to examine the interactive, as well as individual, impact of these variables on measures of perceived work stress, strain, work satisfaction and withdrawal intentions. Respondents in the study were nurses in a large general hospital in Israel. None of the two- or three-way interactions received empirical support. However, significant multivariate main effects for each of the three independent measures were found. The negative influence of rotating work shift compared to fixed work shift was supported. Nurses who thought that their job was more enriching were more satisfied and perceived their workload as being lower. Department type affected only burnout level; nurses in non-ICUs were lower in burnout. Several theoretical and practical possible interpretations and possible implications are presented. 相似文献
226.
李燕琼 《西南科技大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》1992,(2)
根据目前影响我国农业技术成果迅速转化为现实生产力的因素,提出了加速农业技术成果转化的对策。 相似文献
227.
228.
George S. Tavlas Danny M. Leipziger Dae Choi Victor Filatov 《Journal of Policy Modeling》1981,3(1):1-18
This paper examines Federal Reserve Board policies that are premised on a negative short-run association of interest rate movements and the rate of inflation. In particular, econometric evidence is provided, supporting the view that tighter monetary policy appears to raise inflation rates in the short run. Conversely, it is demonstrated that easier monetary policy does not necessarily raise inflation rates in the short run. In the case of uncoordinated monetary restrictiveness, interest rate competition among major countries can produce higher inflation and lower growth than was originally intended. 相似文献
229.
This paper focuses on the theoretical and empirical aspects of occupational choice by examining the structure of individual preferences expressed in terms of abstract characteristics. Both verbal and quantitative models were successfully tested, and a rough upper limit was set on the ability of individuals to specify their quality-of-life technology. The study was too restrictive to permit general inferences concerning the quality of life of particular occupations. However, it may be concluded from the limited empirical findings that the qualitative model captured career-living preferences almost as consistently as did the highly structured quantitative approach. The experiments extracted subjects' cognitive structures for career-living stiuations in all the richness and generality permitted by verbal expression. Although more costly to determine, such qualitative information is of considerable potential benefit to policy makers, ect., and equivalent knowledge cannot be obtained from numerical representations. 相似文献
230.
Price vs. revenue stabilization through a buffer stock: Which is more financially feasible for LDCs?
Optimal control theory is used to analyze the implications of the adoption of price and LDC export revenue stabilization objectives by an international buffer stock for cocoa. The results obtained for the period 1956–76 suggest that the stabilization of either price or revenue at systematic trend would reduce the instability of both variables from that during the sample period. Although the stabilization of revenues at systematic trend decreases their average level, the stabilization of price has the opposite effect. Because of this, it may be financially feasible for the LDCs to provide the necessary resources for a price-stabilizing buffer stock. 相似文献