技术学的学科结构和科学定位

技术学作为以技术为研究对象的一系列学科的统称,在19世纪进入草创时期。技术学目前已经建立和有望建立的分支学科,可以区分为普通技术学、理论技术学、专门技术学、应用技术学四个学科群组。在科学知识体系中,技术学是介于数学科学、自然科学与哲学科学、社会科学之间的交叉学科门类,同技术哲学、技术史、工程学、工程技术学等学科门类均有密切的联系。     

新加坡理工类大学人文素质教育刍议——以南洋理工大学为例

新加坡理工类大学人文素质教育提出的背景是基于适应新加坡社会由工业经济社会向知识经济社会转型以及大学生健康全面发展的需要,其目标在于培养学生交际能力、文化历史传承能力、创新意识、创业意识以及发展学生的个性等,其实施途径主要有课程教学和校园文化建设等。重视大学精神的培育,开设内容丰富、形式多样的人文课程,积极开展国际交流活动等,是新加坡理工类大学人文素质教育对我国高等教育的启示。     

实践性教学模式在机械制造技术基础课程中的应用

机械制造技术基础课程是重要的专业基础课程。结合课程理论教学和实践应用特点,从现场实践、项目促进、毕业实习和毕业设计等环节,探索了该课程的实践性教学模式,做到现场实践促进理论学习,科研促进教学,极大地激发了学生学习的积极性和主动性,使学生能深入理解、掌握和运用基本知识和基本技能,丰富了学生的专业知识,培养了学生独立思考和解决问题的能力,教师完成了教学任务及部分科研工作,实现了实践、科研及综合运用促进本科生教学的新模式。     

面向未来的埃及教育改革

埃及实行免费教育体制,长期和持续的国家投入保证了教育在大众中间的普及,使埃及教育长期在阿拉伯国家和非洲地区处于领先地位。但随着全球化的日益深入以及埃及国内经济形势的变化,单纯依靠政府投入越来越不能满足人民群众对高质量教育服务的需求。埃及教育主管部门根据形势发展的迫切要求,一方面大力推进教育体制改革,力行非中央化的政策,在教育投入和管理上,加大社会力量参与的力度,加强了教育基础设施建设,提高了教师待遇;另一方面用先进的信息技术手段改造传统教育模式,并在教学过程中引入问责制度,保证教育质量不断提高,使其更好地服务于社会经济的发展。     

暨南大学南洋文化教育事业部的历史成就与贡献

暨南大学南洋文化教育事业部 (192 7～ 194 9)是一个曾经称誉海内外的华侨研究机构 ,该部担负研究华侨、服务华侨、帮助华侨摆脱危机的特殊使命 ,是当时中国境内研究华侨的唯一机构。本文探讨南洋文化教育事业部成立的时代背景 ,对它在研究华侨、服务华侨 ,推动华侨教育事业发展等方面的历史成就与贡献作出回顾与总结     

论长波框架中的世界经济走势

在世界经济增长和发展的过程中 ,存在着四种相互包容、相互叠加的经济周期。 2 0世纪 90年代以来 ,世界经济进入了第五个长波上升期 ,其突出表现是新经济带来的快速增长 ,其动力是作为技术创新和制度创新的信息化和经济全球化。在这次长波上升期中 ,世界经济表现出均等化和两极分化两种趋势 ,从而改变着世界经济格局。在长波上升期中 ,如果没有外生的重大随机冲击 ,短周期和主周期一般来说会出现波动相对弱化现象。     

Estimating chance reproducibility in Guttman Scaling

A definition of reproducibility in Guttman Scaling and two chance measures of reproducibility are suggested. The first measure assumes that the items are independent. The second method assumes nonindependent items and fits respondent and item margins by an iterative method used in fitting log-linear models. Chance reproducibility is conceptualized in terms of assumptions about respondent variability.     

Dynamic models and attainment in the workplace

The two most marked trends in recent stratification studies are: (1) the shift away from a statical approach to attainment and toward a dynamical representation of achievement, and (2) the shift away from the assumption that achievement is largely a matter of individual characteristics, and toward the view that achievement is the outcome of an employer-employee exchange of productive resources for earnings and status. This paper forges a link between these parallel trends by elaborating on previous formulations of dynamic models of achievement and applying the results to the analysis of earnings attainment in an internal labor market. The modeling section of the paper joins within a single framework the growing interest in ascertaining how a given structure of opportunity shapes achievement and in determining the different points in the career line at which individual background and resource variables impact attainment. Special attention is devoted to the problems facing researchers who wish to bring a dynamic conceptualization of achievement to cross-sectional or otherwise deficient data. Although the empirical application of the various models is largely meant to be illustrative, it is of interest in its own right because it goes substantially beyond previous efforts in this area.     

Sex similarities in occupational status attainment: Are the results due to the restriction of the sample to employed women?

Research on sex differences in occupational attainment suggests that working men and working women attain essentially the same mean level of occupational attainment and do so through quite similar processes. A possible explanation for these similarities is that the sample of working women contains an overrepresentation of successful women, since women who can afford not to work will stay out of the labor force unless they find a job commensurate with their education. This we define as a censoring problem. By extending a technique developed by Heckman, we can estimate the structural parameters for all women, regardless of current employment status. This procedure allows us to assess the impact of the censoring problem on women's occupational attainment equations.