语言象似性的古文字学证据简

追溯到文字的源头有可能接近语言的原始面貌。世界各民族的文字,最初大都是从图画发展而来的。三大古典文字——楔形文字、埃及圣书字和甲骨文字表面看起来差别迥异,但它们的源头都是象形字,其共同的认知动因就是象似性。象似性存在于语言发展的始终。语言的象似性特征在其发展进程中逐步“磨损”了。象似性是个动态的概念,需要在当前的社会文化背景和人们的认知框架中得以认识和理解。     

Poetic Labors and Challenging Political Science: An Epistolary Poem

ABSTRACT

The author, a political theorist, uses poetry to reflect on and spur structural change in admissions committees, hiring committees, funding decisions, curriculum development, and the institutionalized awards-making structure regarding African Politics in the American Political Science Association. This poem, delivered and performed at the American Political Science Association 2018 meeting in Boston, provides empirical and verifiable data about how scholarly awards are distributed in the discipline. The analysis of this process reflects on a long history of erasing, minimizing, and tokenizing the scholarship of African political scientists in the discipline of political science. Written as an epistolary poem, the author explains how #MeToo accounts for complex and interrelated forms of exclusion from the production of knowledge and uses the history of Black women in politics associations, writings by Patricia J. Williams, Pearl T. Robinson, Darlene Miller, and poetry by June Jordan (1936–2002) and Sweet Honey in the Rock (f. 1973).     

Consequences of economic inequality: Introduction to a special issue

As an introduction to the papers of this special issue on Consequences of Economic Inequality we first underline with a simple empirical exercise the relevance of studying the subject of consequences of economic inequality in many socially important fields. Next, we sketch the two main theoretical perspectives on the channels by which inequality exerts its effects: on the one hand, the psychosocial, which stresses the role of individual status and stratification, and, on the other hand, the neo-material, which puts the focus on resources at people's disposal. In our view the two are not mutually exclusive. Thirdly, we present each of the contributions and relate their results to these main perspectives. We find support for the view that inequality can magnify not only the differences between individuals or households in the resources at their disposal, but also the association between these resources and politics, well-being and social stratification.     

The manifestations of politics in evaluation: An exploratory study across the evaluation process

Evaluation has been described as a political act. Programs and policies are generated from a political process, and the decision to evaluate and how to use the evaluation are manifestations of the political dynamic. This exploratory study was conducted with practicing evaluators to understand what they view as political situations in the evaluation process and how they responded to these situations. Findings suggest that, in relation to the potential evaluation phases in which each respondent has been involved, evaluations are susceptible to politics when initially attempting to identify stakeholders and when it’s time to report the evaluation findings. Evaluators have also developed multiple strategies for dealing with these situations, including finding allies for the evaluation and working to explain the evaluation process and its implications. We hope that this study will help to inform novice and expert evaluators about the various political situations they may encounter in their practice.     

“文学性”魂归“人学”

"文学性"在文学评论界一直是个长谈不衰的话题,很多时候是一个悬而未决的存在。谈论"文学性"只有从著名学者钱谷融先生"文学是人学"的论题出发,回到"人"、"人性"这一层面,才算是触及到了"文学性"的根本。     

论中国共产党与抗战时期的国民政府政治部第三厅

1938年2月19日,国民政府军事委员会政治部成立,在政治部下设主管抗日文化宣传工作的第三厅。在周恩来的具体筹划和郭沫若的努力下,中国共产党向第三厅派出了大批干部并建立了党的组织,积极开展各种抗日宣传活动和慰劳活动。1940年,蒋介石以改组政治部为由撤销了第三厅,另设文化工作委员会。在国共关系处于错综复杂的形势下,中国共产党始终执行并坚持抗战、团结、进步的正确政策,同国民党的妥协、分裂、倒退的政策进行“有理”、“有利”、“有节”的斗争,使两党的合作终究没有破裂,抗日民族统一战线得到巩固和发展,保证了抗日战争的最终胜利。     

FEMA and the Witt Revolution: Testing the Hypothesis of “Bureaucratic Autonomy”

In the wake of widespread criticism for its poor performance in Hurricane Andrew in 1992, FEMA became a more effective organization under the leadership of James Witt (1993–2001). One answer to the question of how and why FEMA improved so rapidly and significantly during this period is Carpenter’s (2001) theory of “bureaucratic autonomy.” This paper defines the minimum conditions Carpenter considers necessary for the term, evaluates their applicability to FEMA during this period, and briefly examines alternative explanations for FEMA’s organizational transformation. It concludes that the innovation and entrepreneurship FEMA demonstrated during this period do indeed meet the criteria for “bureaucratic autonomy.”

Obamacare and the Politics of Universal Health Insurance Coverage in the United States

In the USA, universal coverage has long been a key objective of liberal reformers. Yet, despite the enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) (commonly known as ‘Obamacare’) in 2010, the USA is not set to provide health care coverage to all, even if and when that reform is fully implemented. This article explores this issue by asking the following question: Why was a clear commitment to universal coverage, the norm in other industrialized countries, excluded as a core objective of the PPACA and how has post‐enactment politics at both the federal and the state level further shaped coverage issues? The analysis traces the issue of universal coverage prior to the debate over the PPACA, during the 2008 presidential race, and during consideration of the bill. The article then looks at the post‐enactment politics of coverage, with a particular focus on how states have responded to the planned use of the Medicaid programme to expand access to care. The article concludes by discussing how an explanation of the limits of the PPACA, in terms of both its commitment to universal coverage and, more importantly, the failure to provide comprehensive health insurance to all, requires an understanding of complex institutional and policy dynamics.     

居住的政治:农民工居住隔离的形成机制与社会后果

文章将居住隔离理论视角引入农民工居住问题的研究,通过对全国七城市流动人口调查数据和长三角地区七城市劳工调查数据农民工子样本的分析,揭示了外来农民工在流入地城市“大分散、小集中”的块状分布状态。 文章从结构和行动两个维度探讨了这一居住空间分布的形成机制,全景呈现了城市亚文化区域作为居住隔离的社会后果及其内部特征。 最后还对杭州市三位一体的外来人口住房保障体系做了重点介绍,希冀有所启发。