Sinophiles and Sinophobes in Tokugawa Japan: Politics, Classicism, and Medicine During the Eighteenth Century 十八世紀在德川日本 "頌華者" 和 "貶華者" 的問題 – 以中醫及漢方為主

This article first reviews the political, economic, and cultural context within which Japanese during the Tokugawa era (1600–1866) mastered Kanbun 漢文 as their elite lingua franca. Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges were based on prestigious classical Chinese texts imported from Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) China via the controlled Ningbo-Nagasaki trade and Kanbun texts sent in the other direction, from Japan back to China. The role of Japanese Kanbun teachers in presenting language textbooks for instruction and the larger Japanese adaptation of Chinese studies in the eighteenth century is then contextualized within a new, socio-cultural framework to understand the local, regional, and urban role of the Confucian teacher–scholar in a rapidly changing Tokugawa society. The concluding part of the article is based on new research using rare Kanbun medical materials in the Fujikawa Bunko 富士川文庫 at Kyoto University, which show how some increasingly iconoclastic Japanese scholar–physicians (known as the Goiha 古醫派) appropriated the late Ming and early Qing revival of interest in ancient Chinese medicine rather than continue to follow more recent Song-Jin-Yuan 宋金元 medical practices (Goseiha 後世派) based on Song interpretations of the Huangdi neijing 黃帝內經 (Yellow Emperor’s inner classic). This group favored ancient treatment formulae and empirically based diagnoses, which drew on the Shanghan lun 傷寒論 (Treatise of Cold Damage Disorders) as a medical text and Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景 as a pioneering physician. Although many Japanese physicians favored Western medicine (transmitted via Dutch Learning 蘭學) over Chinese medicine in the mid-nineteenth century, most in the mid- and late-eighteenth century focused on mastering classical Chinese, and then Ming and Qing medical books entering Nagasaki from China. These new, critical currents of Chinese medicine in Japan provided the impetus later for growing Japanese interest in Dutch Learning and modern Western medicine.

Religion, politics, and support for same-sex marriage in the United States, 1988-2008

We examine how religious and political factors structure support for same-sex marriage in the United States over the last two decades. Using data from the General Social Surveys, we show that respondents who identify more strongly with the Republican Party, sectarian denominations, and those who subscribe to biblical fundamentalism and political conservatism are substantially more opposed to same-sex marriage than are other Americans. Heterogeneous ordinal logistic regression models show that these religious and political factors have become more important over the last two decades. Cohorts born after 1945 became substantially more supportive of marriage rights between 1988 and 2008, but shifts in support for marriage rights were less sizeable for persons affiliated with sectarian denominations, religious fundamentalists, Republicans, and political conservatives. Estimates from structural equation models show that religious factors influence political conservatism and Republican identification, yet both religious and political factors have significant and substantial independent direct effects on support for same-sex marriage.     

文学研究的政治审美因素——兼论20世纪中国文学理论的政治维度

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从"世袭政治"看日本民主的实像

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政治学家埃莉诺学术成就的学科价值诠释

埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆以政治学家的身份获得2009年诺贝尔经济学奖在国内外政治学界和经济学界都引起了很大反响。立足于现代政治学在追求科学性过程中所处的较为落伍和弱势的窘境,分别从学科的科学地位、价值功用和发展走向三个维度,来阐释埃莉诺学术成就在学科层面上的价值,并从中揭示出理论研究和经验研究相结合、采用跨学科的研究方法、专一的学术研究志趣和多方的学术合作交流不仅是埃莉诺个人学术研究的成功之道,还是今后政治学发展的重要趋向。     

路遥早期创作对其写作的意义

路遥早期的创作虽然并不引人注意,艺术成就也有限,但却是其创作的一个基础性的阶段,作品中对政治的处理、劳动人民的歌颂、乡村秩序的书写等都对以后的创作有着深远的影响,这一方面缘于对劳动人民的深厚感情,另一方面则与作家成长的环境有关。     

也门恐怖活动近况与美国的反恐对策

2009年下半年以来,也门基地组织的恐怖活动对国际社会尤其对美国造成了严重威胁,引起了国际社会的广泛关注。也门北部的胡塞主义者叛乱和基地组织在也门的重新发展壮大,是国际反恐怖阵营的主要关注点。由于经济落后、社会不稳等因素,再加上传统的尚武文化,也门很难在短期内摆脱恐怖主义问题的困扰。虽然美国面临来自也门的严重恐怖主义威胁,但由于受困于伊拉克和阿富汗战场,美国不可能在也门开辟反恐第三战场。     

也门恐怖活动近况与美国的反恐对策

2009年下半年以来,也门基地组织的恐怖活动对国际社会尤其对美国造成了严重威胁,引起了国际社会的广泛关注。也门北部的胡塞主义者叛乱和基地组织在也门的重新发展壮大,是国际反恐怖阵营的主要关注点。由于经济落后、社会不稳等因素,再加上传统的尚武文化,也门很难在短期内摆脱恐怖主义问题的困扰。虽然美国面临来自也门的严重恐怖主义威胁,但由于受困于伊拉克和阿富汗战场,美国不可能在也门开辟反恐第三战场。     

对高校思想政治理论课教学改革的再思考

高校思想政治理论课教学改革要有整体思路,必须从学生,教师、教学内容和教学环境几个方面入手。要本着与时俱进的精神,深入研究这些领域当前存在的问题,以思想政治理论课教育教学的目标为指针,紧密结合时代特征和当代大学生的实际,有针对性的提出解决问题的思路和办法,实现胡锦涛总书记提出的“力争几年内使高校思想政治理论课教育教学状况得到明显改善”的目标。     

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