An Australian history of the subordination of midwifery

This paper analyses the history of the subordination of midwifery to medicine and nursing. With the important exception of Evan Willis’ work on medical dominance and Annette Summers’ work on the takeover of midwifery by nursing, other histories of Australian midwifery have taken a neutral approach to issue of power and control. The aim of analysing this period is to identify the strategies of power that were used to subordinate midwifery. With increased consciousness of how power has operated in the past, midwives and woman of today can be more empowered when seeking to promote normal birth and midwifery models of care.Concepts of ‘power’, ‘the state’ and midwife are defined and discussed. A summary of the decline of midwifery and the rise of obstetrics in Europe and the United Kingdom (UK) gives a background against which to understand the Australian experience. The historical account given here draws to a climax by focussing on the period 1886–1928. It was during this time that medicine forged an alliance with nursing and achieved both legal and disciplinary control of midwifery. Knowing how this was done is important because it helps us to recognise the power strategies that are currently being used by medicine. This is helpful when planning how these strategies might be matched or countered by contemporary woman and midwives when seeking to promote normal birth and midwifery models of care.     

论长江沿岸中心城市经济能级的政府间协调合作发展——政治学新视角论区域合作

在科学发展、构建和谐社会的背景下,29个长江沿岸中心城市联结而形成的经济区域是中国经济发展中最具实力、活力和潜力的发展轴.贯彻落实十七大"促进国民经济又好又快发展"的精神,构建一个强有力的长江沿岸中心城市经济能级的政府协调合作发展的长效机制,靠政府间的合作促进生产要素跨区域合理流动,实现互动多赢,在现行体制下是沿江各中心城市又好又快发展的理性选择.长江沿岸中心城市合作能否获得新的进展,关键在于各方能否克服合作发展面临的体制约束及进行制度创新,取决于各方能否采取正确的可持续共谋发展战略的政策制定和实施.     

风云际会见笔端--评刘廷忠主编的《当代世界经济政治与国际关系》

20 0 3年 8月由高等教育出版社出版的 ,刘廷忠先生主编的《当代世界经济政治与国际关系》一书 ,具有很强的现实性、理论性和整体性。     

Bursting With Laughter

Celio Ferreira. Palauan cosmology: dominance in a traditional Micronesian society (Gothenburg Studies in Social Anthropology 11). Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis. 1987. vi, 300 pp., figures, plates, glossary, references. SEK 200 (paper) ISBN 91 7346 183 0 ISSN 0348 4076.

Richard J. Parmentier. The sacred remains: myth, history and polity in Belau. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 1987. xxiii, 309pp., figures, maps, photographs, tables, glossary, place names, references, index. ISBN 0 226 64695 5 (hardcover) ISBN 0 226 64696 3 (paper).     

兰州大学校史上几个重要问题的考辨

依据有关档案资料,对兰州大学校史上六个以往记载有误或失载的重要问题进行了考辨.考证出甘肃法政学堂成立、国民政府决定设立国立兰州大学、兰州大学被确定为全国重点大学的确切时间;并就1938年初甘肃学院院长更替的内幕、1948年兰大等机构发起的青海科考、同年6月"学潮"等以往失载的重要事件进行了论述.     

从讲政治的高度正确认识和处理新时期的党群关系

党群关系是执政党建设过程中一个重大的理论和实践问题,我党三代领导核心对此都作了全面深刻的论述.从讲政治的高度认识和处理新时期的党群关系是江泽民同志的一个重要思想.对每个党员领导干部来讲,处理党群关系的关键在于不断改造自己的主观世界.     

Never the Twain Shall Meet: A Memetic Analysis of Poverty Perceptions

Poverty, as defined within development discourse, does not fully capture the reality in which the poor live, which is formed also by values and beliefs specific to a given culture and setting. This article uses a memetic approach to investigating the reality of poverty among pastoralists and urban dwellers in Kenya. By distinguishing the semantic space and the cultural context in which the definitions are framed, it enables the researcher to make sufficient generalisations while also recognising the differences between cultures. The results demonstrate how pastoralists and urban dwellers conceptualise poverty differently particularly in regard to causes. Further, the article suggests that development actors often utilise a Western construct which does not entirely reflect the values and beliefs of the poor.     

Making social work more Bourdieusian: why the social professions should critically engage with the work of Pierre Bourdieu

In recent years, some attempts have been made to ascertain if the work of the late Pierre Bourdieu has relevance for the work of social workers and others located in the social professions. It is important to support this exploration, but to expand it by also seeking to incorporate the overtly ‘political’ Bourdieu and to highlight some of the issues which preoccupied him. It is argued that his work, when viewed in a more rounded way, may contain a number of key ‘messages’ for social work in the early twenty-first century.     

西夏文佛经款题中所冠帝、后尊号与西夏政制建构

区别于中原佛经款题的书写结构,西夏皇帝和皇太后在撰写佛经款题时会冠以“尊号”。结合“御译”“御校”“谨施”等词语以及佛经序言的内容发现,西夏文佛经款题中的“尊号”不单纯是政治名号,可能还蕴含着佛教意义上的“觉悟”。西夏的“尊号”制度是模仿唐宋的结果,与本国的社会现实存在冲突。从“尊号”的用字来看,佛教调和两者的冲突。佛教在加强西夏皇帝统治合法性的同时,也迎合了西夏僧俗的精神需要。     

Won't somebody please think of the children? Or,South Park fanfic and the political realm

Comedy Central’s South Park has proved a bone of contention for traditional guardians of youth culture. From the denunciations of pressure groups on one hand, to academics attempting to claim South Park for various political positions on the other, it is ironic that a show addressing the failure of official pedagogy has had so little attention paid to its young fans. Academics argue over the ‘message’ of South Park, in a socio-political sense, or denounce it for irresponsibly embracing post-political cynicism. Yet as Mendes et al. have argued, to draw a false division between youth entertainment and some pre-conceived notion of the political realm is a fallacy: young people’s engagement with and meaning-making practices derived from popular culture are political in themselves. This paper uses a politically informed conception of discourse analysis developed from Laclau and Mouffe to code the top-rated South Park fanfics from Fanfiction.net, a site whose primary demographic is teenagers, in pursuit of the messages young people perceive and make of the show. This project prefers concrete data over impressionistic views of ‘young people’, and attends to what teenage fans make of and do with the text, rather than imagining them as passive consumers absorbing inherent messages.